Include in your explanation the major concepts you learned and any safety concerns associated with the lab. Learning the structural and functional differences among arteries‚ veins‚ and capillaries. Identify the major arteries arising from the aorta through observation and dissection of a preserved specimen. Identify the major veins draining into the superior and inferior vena cava through observation and dissection of a preserved specimen wear approved safety glasses at all times while working
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throughout the body. Arteries carry blood filled with nutrients away from the heart to all parts of the body. The blood is sometimes compared to a river‚ but the arteries are more like a river in reverse. Arteries are thick-walled tubes with a circular covering of yellow‚ elastic fibers‚ which contain a filling of muscle that absorbs the tremendous pressure wave of a heartbeat and slows the blood down. This pressure can be felt in the arm and wrist - it is the pulse. Eventually arteries divide into smaller
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How microscopes have contributed to our understanding of living organisms There are 2 types of microscopes these are; light microscope and electron microscope. Light microscopes use a beam of light however the resolution is lower than the electron microscope so the image is not clear‚ however they can view living organisms. These types of microscopes are used in schools to view simple cellular structures‚ which is good to teach simple biology Mitosis and meiosis can be seen with light microscopes
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Cardiovascular System & Flow of Blood • • • Right Heart and Left Heart Flow of Blood through Heart Components of Vascular System • Arteries – Aorta‚ Large Arteries‚ Small Arteries • • • • • Distributing network Arterioles – Resistance Vessels Capillaries – Exchange Vessels Venules & Small Veins – some exchange‚ capacitance vessels Large Veins and Inferior and Superior Vena Cava – Collecting Vessels returning blood to the heart. Fig 9-1 June 19‚ 2013 3 CV 4 Specialized
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blood flows through the vena cava‚ it then enters the right atrium which gets pumped into the right ventricle which pumps it through the semi-lunar valve and through to the pulmonary artery. The blood flow then goes to the lungs where it is oxygenised‚ the newly oxygenised blood re-enters the heart via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium‚ the blood then goes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From here it is pumped by a strong muscle and straight through the aorta and around the body
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the pulse involves less human error than feeling it. 2. The maximum pressure exerted when blood is ejected into the aorta during contraction of the left ventricle is known as Systolic blood pressure. The minimum pressure which is exerted in the arteries as a result of ventricular relaxation is known as Diastolic blood Pressure. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is known as Pulse pressure. Pulse pressure = Systolic pressure- Diastolic pressure The
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Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle. Ventricles thicker walls (than atria)‚ the left is thicker than the right as blood must be pumped all around the body tendinous chords papillary muscles interventricular septum (separates ventricles) Right ventricle: Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery in which it is transported to the lungs. Left ventricle: Receives oxygen-rich
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Dennervation hypersensitivity damage to the ANS increases the effector response to stimulation Ganglia a cluster of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS Mass activation Divergence-Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic fibers (up‚ down‚ level) Convergence-Postganglionic fibers receive input from numerous preganglionic fibers Sympathetic system is activated as a unit Sympathoadrenal System the closely related functioning adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous
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Text Edition (10th/11th/12th) is specified if the figure numbers are DIFFERENT in the editions. If figure numbers are the SAME‚ then the edition is not specified. ****502 Students: Read this paragraph **** If you are a 502 student using this guide‚ this is based on Dr. Rust’s lectures in Physiol 201. Topics may have been covered in more detail in 502 or the coverage or emphasis may have been different since many topics in 502 were taught by other professors- so use your notes and slides along
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------------------------------------------------- Roots The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of the plexus. The roots emerge from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae immediately posterior to the vertebral artery‚ which travels in a cephalocaudad direction through the transverse foramina. Each transverse process consists of a posterior and anterior tubercle‚ which meet laterally to form a costotransverse bar. The transverse foramen lies medial to the costotransverse
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