the pulse involves less human error than feeling it. 2. The maximum pressure exerted when blood is ejected into the aorta during contraction of the left ventricle is known as Systolic blood pressure. The minimum pressure which is exerted in the arteries as a result of ventricular relaxation is known as Diastolic blood Pressure. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is known as Pulse pressure. Pulse pressure = Systolic pressure- Diastolic pressure The
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Dennervation hypersensitivity damage to the ANS increases the effector response to stimulation Ganglia a cluster of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS Mass activation Divergence-Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic fibers (up‚ down‚ level) Convergence-Postganglionic fibers receive input from numerous preganglionic fibers Sympathetic system is activated as a unit Sympathoadrenal System the closely related functioning adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous
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Text Edition (10th/11th/12th) is specified if the figure numbers are DIFFERENT in the editions. If figure numbers are the SAME‚ then the edition is not specified. ****502 Students: Read this paragraph **** If you are a 502 student using this guide‚ this is based on Dr. Rust’s lectures in Physiol 201. Topics may have been covered in more detail in 502 or the coverage or emphasis may have been different since many topics in 502 were taught by other professors- so use your notes and slides along
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Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle. Ventricles thicker walls (than atria)‚ the left is thicker than the right as blood must be pumped all around the body tendinous chords papillary muscles interventricular septum (separates ventricles) Right ventricle: Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery in which it is transported to the lungs. Left ventricle: Receives oxygen-rich
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------------------------------------------------- Roots The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of the plexus. The roots emerge from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae immediately posterior to the vertebral artery‚ which travels in a cephalocaudad direction through the transverse foramina. Each transverse process consists of a posterior and anterior tubercle‚ which meet laterally to form a costotransverse bar. The transverse foramen lies medial to the costotransverse
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Structure of the heart: The heart is at the centre of the cardiovascular system. It is a hollow muscular pump that drives blood through the arteries‚ which allows it to reach the working muscles and tissues. The heart is split into two halves. The right side of the heart is separated from the left by a solid wall known as the septum. This prevents any blood on the right side coming into contact with the blood on the left side. The right side of the heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs in
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adventure through the femoral vein up through the body‚ through all the detours and then our final destination will be out the nose. We will also discuss what we pass through the whole trip. Ready or not were heading off to exam the inside of the human body. As we enter the body through the femoral vein‚ you will notice that there is another object that looks like the femoral vein but it is called the femoral artery. The femoral artery runs parallel with the femoral vein through the upper thigh and
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The Cardiovascular System: The Heart- Chapter 18 Heart Anatomy Size‚ Location‚ and Orientation * Approximately the size of a fist * Location * In the mediastinum between second rib and fifth intercostal space * On the superior surface of diaphragm * Two-thirds to the left of the midsternal line; balance projects to the right * Anterior to the vertebral column‚ posterior to the sternum Coverings of the Heart * Enclosed in pericardium‚ a double-walled sac
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SENSE- is the ability to perceive stimuli. SENSATION (PERCEPTION)- is the conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors. GENERAL SENSES- are those with receptors distributed over a large part of the body. SOMATIC SENSES- provides sensory information about the body and the environment. VISCERAL SENSES- are more specialized in structure and are localized to specific parts of the body such as pain and pressure. SPECIAL SENSES- are more specialized in structure such as smell
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Pericardium – deep to the fibrous pericardium‚ a thin‚ slippery‚ two-layer serous membrane that forms a closed sac around the heart. • Parietal Layer – lines the internal surface off the fibrous pericardium and attaches to the large arteries exiting the heart. • Epicardium – Visceral layer of the Serous Pericardium that lines the external heart surface 3. Describe the structure and function of each of the three layers of the heart wall. • Endocardium
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