The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms‚ such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others‚ such as nerve‚ liver‚ and muscle cells‚ are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas‚ which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter‚ to the egg yolks of ostriches‚ which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function‚ all cells
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substantially from eukaryotes? Unicellularity- fundamentally single-celled Cell Size- can vary (large range changes with species) Nucleoid- lack a membrane-bound nucleus but rather a nucleoid region Cell Division/Genetic Recombination- binary fission (does not use spindle) and do not have a sexual cycle Internal Compartmentalization- does not have internal compartments and no membrane organelles Flagella- no 9+2 structure Metabolic Diversity- photosynthesis (oxygenic/produce oxygen and anoxygenic/nonoxygen
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Biology form 4 – Chapter 5 Mitosis Mitosis is a division of the nucleus to produce two new daughter cells containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. Significance of mitosis Growth- allows a zygote to produce more cell in order to grow Repair and replacement- allow the multicellular organism maintain its tissues‚ example skin cells and blood Asexual reproduction- clone The cell cycle divided into two major phases a. Interphase b. Mitosis Interphase is the period between division‚ divided
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September 2000 Number 76 The Eukaryotic cell cycle and Mitosis This Factsheet covers the relevant AS syllabus content of the major examining boards. By studying this factsheet the candidate will gain a knowledge and understanding of: • the different phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle (a eukaryotic cell has membrane bound organelles) • the importances of mitosis • the process of mitosis The eukaryotic cell cycle Fig 2. Quantity of DNA in the cell during different phases This is illustrated
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Discuss the structure of the plasma membrane and explain the process of active and passive transport through the membrane. The plasma membrane is made up of proteins that form pores and channels‚ carbohydrate molecules that are used for cell recognition and cholesterol to provide membrane stability. Phospholipid molecules are the most abundant component found in the plasma membrane. Phospholipids molecules are composed of a phosphate head and a lipid tail; the structure of a cell membrane is
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leaves of vascular plants. The function of stomata is to allow gaseous exchange (transpiration) between the plant and the external environment (see diagrams below). This process is carried out by the plant‚ which controls the opening and closing of stomata via the guard cells. The more stomata a leaf contains the greater the rate of gas exchange and the less water it will be able to accumulate. Stomatal pores are formed between pairs of specialised guard cells. The wall adjacent to the stomata
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PROJECT-SOCIOLOGY CHANGING STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY: A STUDY OF INDIAN SOCIETY Submitted by Prarthna Table of Contents * Acknowledgements………………………………………………………
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a.1 Eukaryotic Cell vs Prokaryotic Cell All cells can be classfied into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution. Comparison chart All attributes Differences Similarities | Eukaryotic Cell | Prokaryotic Cell | Nucleus: | Present | Absent | Number of chromosomes: | More than one | One--but not true chromosome: Plasmids | Cell Type: | Multicellular
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Chemistry of Life Anatomy: the study of structure or shape of body parts and their relationship to each other. Physiology: the study of function (how the parts work) Levels of structural organization: There is a hierarchy of structural complexity‚ beginning with the simplest or chemical level and culminating with the highest level-the whole organism Chemical level – atoms (and their parts)‚ and combinations of atoms called molecures Cellular level – cells are the basic structural and functional
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thousands of monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage -functions vary: -_______________ material -__________________ into monosaccharides if needed (provide ____________ for the cell) -serve has ________________ material for __________________ that protect the cell Types of polysaccharides -__________________polysaccharides -in plants‚ the storage sugar is ____________ (a polymer of glucose monomers) as granules within cellular structures known as plastids‚
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