Biology
Study Questions: Chapter 28
1.) Archaea and Bacteria are the oldest, structurally simplest and most abundant forms of life.
2.) Name and describe seven ways in which prokaryotes differ substantially from eukaryotes?
Unicellularity- fundamentally single-celled
Cell Size- can vary (large range changes with species)
Nucleoid- lack a membrane-bound nucleus but rather a nucleoid region
Cell Division/Genetic Recombination- binary fission (does not use spindle) and do not have a sexual cycle
Internal Compartmentalization- does not have internal compartments and no membrane organelles
Flagella- no 9+2 structure
Metabolic Diversity- photosynthesis (oxygenic/produce oxygen and anoxygenic/nonoxygen producing)
3.) Explain 4 ways in which Archaea and Bacteria differ?
Plasma Membrane- ether bond (lipid) can also have branches (tetraethers)
Cell Wall- lack peptidoglycan, has psuedomurein, does the same as peptidoglycan
DNA Replication- similar to eukaryotes
Gene expression- may have two RNA polymers and different than bacteria similar to eukaryotes
4.) Name 5 key characteristics once used in classifying prokaryotes.
Photosynthetic/nonphotosynthetic
Motile/nonmotile
Unicellular/colony-forming/filamentous
Formation of spores/Division by transverse binary fission
Importance as human pathogens or not
5.) Name the domains of life.
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
6.) Name and describe 3 basic forms of prokaryotes.
Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Coccus (spherical/ovoid-shaped)
Spirillum (long and helical-shaped)
7.) The bacterial cell wall is the single most important contributor to cell shape.
8.) Prokaryotic cell walls are constructed of many layers, which is formed from peptidoglycan polymers cross-linked by peptide side chains.
9.) Describe a Gram Stain.
Staining technique that divides bacteria into gram-negative or gram-positive based on retention of a violet dye
10.) Distinguish between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Gram-positive- has a
1.) Archaea and Bacteria are the oldest, structurally simplest and most abundant forms of life.
2.) Name and describe seven ways in which prokaryotes differ substantially from eukaryotes?
Unicellularity- fundamentally single-celled
Cell Size- can vary (large range changes with species)
Nucleoid- lack a membrane-bound nucleus but rather a nucleoid region
Cell Division/Genetic Recombination- binary fission (does not use spindle) and do not have a sexual cycle
Internal Compartmentalization- does not have internal compartments and no membrane organelles
Flagella- no 9+2 structure
Metabolic Diversity- photosynthesis (oxygenic/produce oxygen and anoxygenic/nonoxygen producing)
3.) Explain 4 ways in which Archaea and Bacteria differ?
Plasma Membrane- ether bond (lipid) can also have branches (tetraethers)
Cell Wall- lack peptidoglycan, has psuedomurein, does the same as peptidoglycan
DNA Replication- similar to eukaryotes
Gene expression- may have two RNA polymers and different than bacteria similar to eukaryotes
4.) Name 5 key characteristics once used in classifying prokaryotes.
Photosynthetic/nonphotosynthetic
Motile/nonmotile
Unicellular/colony-forming/filamentous
Formation of spores/Division by transverse binary fission
Importance as human pathogens or not
5.) Name the domains of life.
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
6.) Name and describe 3 basic forms of prokaryotes.
Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Coccus (spherical/ovoid-shaped)
Spirillum (long and helical-shaped)
7.) The bacterial cell wall is the single most important contributor to cell shape.
8.) Prokaryotic cell walls are constructed of many layers, which is formed from peptidoglycan polymers cross-linked by peptide side chains.
9.) Describe a Gram Stain.
Staining technique that divides bacteria into gram-negative or gram-positive based on retention of a violet dye
10.) Distinguish between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Gram-positive- has a