Practical guide to detection and identification of Phytophthora Leaf blight A number of Phytophthora species cause leaf blight. These include: P. infestans on potato and tomato; P. palmivora on a large number of tropical fruit species including rubber‚ durian and macadamia; and P. colocasiae on taro. These blights on leaves are first seen as small flecks but within 3-5 days they expand to produce large lesions. Initially‚ infected tissue is water soaked but becomes necrotic (brown or black) in
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cells near source tissues. Water follows by osmosis‚ creating a pressure gradient that favours the movement of water and sucrose sinks Stomata are open during the day so that gas exchange can occur between the atmosphere and the cells inside the leaf. Water loss is a side effect of photosynthesis The evaporation can actually be beneficial under some conditions because it cools the plant Water potential and water movement (37.1) Loss of water via evaporation from the aerial parts of a plant
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down towards the roots of the plant. Match the adaptations of the marram grass leaves with their function Waxy Cuticle Reduce water loss through transpiration Stomata sunk in pits Trap a layer of moist air close to the leaf surface Leaf
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Plants have two separate transport systems. A network of xylem vessels transports water and mineral ions from the roots to all other parts of the plant. Phloem tubes transport food made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. Neither of these systems has a pump‚ this is because they are not as active as animals and do not need such rapid supplies of food. Neither xylem nor phloem transports oxygen as oxygen gets to a plants cell by diffusion. Both stems and roots contain xylem vessels and
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were splitting and the spindle fibres were very noticeable. Conclusion: Answer question 3 on page 49 3. The white fish embryo and alliums root slides were used to study mitosis instead of human bone and plant leaf because it was easier to obtain. This does not apply to the plant leafs but I’m guessing that the white fish embryo and alliums root slides have a faster mitosis rate than the plant
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TRANSPIRATION: Investigation 11 Learning Objectives: To investigate the relationship among leaf surface area‚ number of stomata‚ and the rate of transpiration To design and conduct an experiment to explore other factors‚ including different environmental variables‚ on the rate of transpiration To investigate the relationship between the structure of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and their functions in transporting water and nutrients in plants Before doing this laboratory you should understand:
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The natural world is extremely varied‚ so an easier way biologists and people can better understand the Earth’s environment and its ecosystems is to categorize it into groups called biomes. Biomes are arranged by specific environmental conditions (i.e. rainfall‚ temperature‚ and humidity) and house specific types of vegetation or factors that allow organisms adapt to these environments. Cataloguing organisms that share similar adaptations makes it easier to study all the environments found on Earth
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PRACTICAL 6 Seed Plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe the features of seed plant life cycle and the concept of the dominant generation. 2. To describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of gymnosperms and angiosperms. 3. To summarize the features that distinguish gymnosperms and angiosperms. 4. To discuss the advantages of seed plants to dominate land and their evolutionary adaptations on land. EXPERIMENT 1: Gymnosperms INTRODUCTION: Gymnosperms
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Characteristics that uniquely identify plants: they are autotrophic‚ non-motile‚ they are photosynthetic‚ contain chloroplast‚ perform alternation of generations‚ plants are deciduous or evergreen‚ and the type of leaf and stem structure they have (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_characteristics_do_all_plants_share). Most plants are autotrophic‚ meaning they are capable of producing their own food and nutrients themselves‚ synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances‚ by using light or
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leaves are colonies formed by rosettes that have divided beneath the ground. Illustration from Curtis’s Botanical Magazine by William Curtis (1746–1799) The leaf blade is divided into two regions: a flat‚ heart-shaped photosynthesis-capable petiole‚ and a pair of terminal lobes hinged at the midrib‚ forming the trap which is the true leaf. The upper surface of these lobes contains red anthocyanin pigments and its edges secrete mucilage. The lobes exhibit rapid plant movements‚ snapping shut when
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