Sun Screen Introduction: Aldol Condensation‚ a useful carbon-carbon bond-forming is the an example of a reaction named based on the type of product formed. This product formed involves two aldehydes or ketones in the presence of dilute base‚ yields a molecule having both aldehyde and alcohol. The aldol products are β-hydroxyaldehydes or β- hydroxyketones. Condensation reaction is the transformation that result from combination of large molecules to produce another larger molecule. In an aldol
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factors which affect the yield of products in a chemical reaction is the amount of starting materials (reactants) and the percent yield of the reaction. Many experimental conditions for example temperature‚ and pressure can be adjusted to increase yield of the desired product‚ in chemical reaction‚ but because chemicals react according to fixed mole ratios( stoichometrically)‚ the only limited amount of product can form from given amount of starting materials. Limiting reactant in our case is the
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evaporated 1.00 g of sodium carbonate and 1.00 g of lead II nitrate was given to start the lab out with. To calculate the percent yield of lead II carbonate‚ the limiting reactant must be identified first. 1.00 g Na2CO3 x 1 mole106 g = 0.00943 mole Na2CO3 1.00 g Pb(NO3)2 x 1 mole331 g = .00302 mole Pb(NO3)2 Limiting reactant: lead II nitrate Next‚ the theoretical yield of lead II
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to prepare Co(salen). Using Co(salen) the oxygen up-take was tested. The synthesis of SalenH2 produced 0.65 g. The percent yield of salenH2 was 116% on the filter paper and 105% after transferring salenH2 to a vial. The melting point of salenH2‚ was 128 oC. The color of salenH2 was yellow. This was all expected from salenH2. The synthesis of Co(salen) produced 0.232 g. The percent yield of Co(salen) was 88.22% on the filter paper and 86.1 % after transferring the Co(salen) to a vial. Co(salen) was
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John Kang Chem 152L Performed: 7/20/04 Date submitted: ________________ Lab Partners: Sang Lee‚ Vicky Lai TA: John Stanko Abstract: This experiment explored the synthesis of triphenylmethanol through the use of Grignard reagents. The percent yield of the product was 10% on a relatively humid day. The melting point was calculate to be 127.2oC with a literature value of 162oC. An IR spectrum of the product was taken and used for positive identification of the product. The mechanism of the
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Chapter 4 — Intro—1 1 CHAPTER 3 Topic Scopes: Stoichiometry and Solution Concentration • Molarity‚ molality‚ parts per million & percentage (w/w‚ w/v and v/v) • Stoichiometry calculation • Limiting reactant • Theoretical yield‚ actual yield and percentage yield 1 2 Mole Concept No. of Moles = Molarity (M) • Molarity (molar concentration) is the number of moles of a solute that is contained in 1 liter of solution Mass (g) molar mass (g/mol) No. of Moles = Molarity (mol/L) volume (L) Molarity
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acid. The limiting reactant in this chemical reaction was salicylic acid‚ with acetic anhydride present in excess in order to react with any water produced during the reaction of the reactants‚ and thus improve the yield of aspirin. The addition of a catalyst‚ 85% phosphoric acid‚ facilitated an increase in the reaction rate during the initial synthesis process. Once synthesized‚ the crude aspirin was recrystallized in order to attain a sample with a higher level of purity. The percent yield of our
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displacement of chloride ion by triphenylphosphine. When treated with base‚ the Wittig salt forms a ylide which is a carbanion that acts as a nucleophile and adds to the carbonyl group. In this experiment‚ cinnamaldehyde is used as the carbonyl compound and yields mainly the trans‚ trans-1‚4-diphenyl-1‚3-butadiene. Purification was done via crystallization. Characterization was analyzed through TLC‚ UV-vis spectroscopy‚ and melting point. As detailed in Pavia’s Organic Laboratory techniques the reaction is
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Mona Vaidya April 8‚ 2014 Professor Diaz Chem 317 Section: 20711 Lab Experiment: Nitration of Bromobenzene Introduction: The chemical reaction of nitration consists of a nitro group being added to or substituted in a molecule. Nitration can basically be carried out by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid; this mixture is useful to obtain the active nitronium ion. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a method used when a functional group is needed to be substituted on
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Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid). Summary: In this experiment‚ we produced 4.21 g of acetylsalicylic acid. Our theoretical yield was calculated to be 5.22 g. Therefore our % yield was determined to be 80.6%. The experimental boiling point range of acetylsalicylic acid was found to be 130-132° C. The true melting point of acetylsalicylic acid is 135° C‚ therefore our percent error range of for the boiling point is found to be 2.2 - 3.7 %. Introduction: Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a
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