Salmonella enterica (#11) Gram Negative Organism | CarbohydrateFermentation(PRL) | CarbohydrateFermentation(PRG) | Indole productionTest | MethylRed Test(MR) | VogesProskauer Test | Citrate Utilization Test | Hydrogen sulfide Test | Urease Test | CatalaseTest | Salmonellaenterica | (-)Red color | (+)YellowColor | (-)No red ring | (+)RedRing | (-)No pink | (+)Blue With growth | (+)Black PrecipitateVery motile | (-)No change in color | (+) | The unknown organism (#11) was Salmonella
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For known amounts of reactants‚ theoretical amounts of product can be calculated in a chemical process. These calculated products are determined using the limiting reagent‚ (the substance that runs out first which stops the reaction) and are called the theoretical yield. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that should be acquired during the experiment if all aspects go perfectly. However‚ due to experimental errors‚ very few labs do so. These results are called actual yield. The percent
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Preparation of 4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups
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Experiment 3: Preparation and Properties of Soap Objectives: i) To be able to prepare a soap starting with olive oil and animal lard. ii) To examine the chemical properties of the soap that is made. iii) To determine the theoretical yield and experimental yield of soap. Introduction: A soap is a salt of a fatty acid. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long unbranced hydrocarbon (aliphatic) chains. It contains at least 12 carbons and a carboxylic acid group. Materials and Apparatus:
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described in the Wissinger Manual.1 Modifications of the procedure included: The drying agent took 25 minutes‚ as opposed to the suggested 10-15 minutes. The voltage for the heating mantle was changed from 70 volts‚ in the manual‚ to 80 volts. Reagent/Product Table | Acetic Acid | Isopentyl Alcohol | Con H2SO4(95-98%) | Isopentyl Acetate | H2O | Mol Wt. | 60.05 | 88.15 | 98.079 | 130.19 | 18.02 | Grams | 8.9 | 5.0 | 2.2 | X | X | moles | 0.148 | 0.0567 | 0.0225 | X | X | mL | 8.5 | 6
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Megan Entwistle‚ Maria Amos‚ and Paul Golubic CHEM 0330 Organic Lab 1 Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone 11/16/11 Introduction Redox (shorthand for REDuction-OXidation) reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of atoms has changed. Oxidation can be observed through the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by an atom‚ ion or molecule. Reduction describes the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state
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Lab chemisty 03/27/2011 Five unlabeled bottles Set 1: A) colorless B) colorless C) blue D) blue E) colorless A: Ba(NO3)2 B: AgNO3 C: CuSO4 D) CuCl2 E) KCl Description how to identify solution: _ We have two blue solution which are CuSO4 and CuCl2 or C and D‚ according to chemical reaction experiment‚ C didn’t have any reaction with other solution like B and D beside A‚ so if we look at the solubility
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objective was to accurately and precisely convert the unknown sample containing the chloride analyte to another known solid‚ silver chloride. Once the mass of the known solid is measured‚ the percentage of chloride analyte can be calculated using stoichiometry. The chemical reaction occurring in this particular experiment involved the mixing of silver nitrate and the soluble salt in water containing nitric acid. Both reactants break into their ionic components allowing the silver ion and chloride ion
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EXPERIMENT 4: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to take methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) and by heating it under reflux with NaOH as a solvent‚ and then cooling the mixture with H2SO4 as another solvent‚ synthesize salicylic acid. The final step involves purify the product to produce as pure a sample of salicylic acid as possible. This process allowed for the successful production of 1.406g salicylic acid‚ an 82.70% yield. The NMR and
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chemical (primary standard) for the preparation of a standard solution. Standard Solutions are critical in chemistry because you need to have solutions with an EXACT known concentration and volume. Chemicals/Materials: solid sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) distilled water Apparatus: 250cm3 volumetric flask 250cm3 beaker Glass stirring rod Weighting boat or aluminium foil Dropping pipette Electronic scales to 2 DP Health and safety: Sodium carbonate powder may irritate the lungs if
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