2007 AP Question 1 A) Three macromolecules that are very important components of the Cell Membrane of Eukaryotic organisms include molecules such as phospholipids‚ cholesterol and Glycoproteins all of which contribute to the continued functioning of the cell membrane. Phospholipids Structure: form the majority of the cell membrane‚ two layers of phospholipids combine to form the phospholipid bilayer‚ the phospholipids are made of two fatty acid tails attached to a phosphate head‚ the phosphate
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principles of chemistry covered in earlier chapters are applied to the understanding of biological polymers and lipid membranes. The emphasis is on properly linking monomers and their polymers‚ and on the structural and functional diversity of the different polymer types. Particular attention is given to protein structure‚ because this is central to understanding subsequent chapters on metabolism‚ molecular biology‚ and molecular medicine. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Humans and mice differ because
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9.2 Maintaining A Balance 1. Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range. | | * Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism‚ describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their specificity on subrates. | * Role of enzymes in the metabolism:Biological catalysts that control all chemical reactions within the body. They are specific to one action. | | * Chemical composition:Catalysts produced by cells made up of proteins (linked amino acids)
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Introduction to London Greater London‚ located in the south-east of England‚ is the top administrative subdivision covering London‚ England [1]. It has been covering the City of London and all 32 boroughs since 1965 which was when the administrative area was officially created [1]. It is the largest and most populated city in the European Union with an area of 1‚579 km² and a population of 7‚512‚400 (mid 2006) [2][3][4]. For the remainder of this document‚ Greater London will be referred to as
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Introduction Nutrients are the substances that provide nourishments to the body for it to grow strong and maintain life. Carbohydrates (CHO) Carbohydrates are made of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen. Carbohydrates are macro-nutrient that provides energy for the body; the energy gives our cell which helps our oxygen and nutrients to function when we sleep. 1. Different Types There are two types of carbohydrates‚ the simple and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates These are made up
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viruses Viruses considered non-living as they exist in an inert state outside of a host cell They consist of a strand of nucleic acid‚ either DNA or RNA‚ surrounded by a protective protein coat (the capsid) Sometimes they have a further membrane of lipid‚ referred to as an envelope‚ surrounding the protein Also have a tail section Transmission of viruses Viruses can be transmitted by travelling within a fluid‚ e.g. mucus droplets from a sneeze Once they have entered a living host they begin the
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nutrients that we have to take every day‚ therefore we would like to identify the types of macromolecules that contain in some of the food or solution in order to maintain a healthy life. There are four groups of macromolecules which are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acid. They are mostly made up of hydrogen‚ carbon‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen‚ sulphur and phosphorus. 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds that with the combination of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Carbohydrates
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energy from the environment as well as from their food. Energy is the capacity to do work in our bodies. That means doing everything that a body needs to do to stay alive and to grow: pumping ions across membranes‚ making new proteins‚ making new lipids‚ making hormones‚ making new cells‚ neural function‚ contracting muscles‚ replacing damaged or worn-out components‚ absorbing nutrients‚ excreting wastes and pumping blood -Supplying enough energy to support the many functions of the body at work
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health. The successive stages include ingestion‚ digestion‚ absorption‚ assimilation‚ and excretion.” Learning Outcomes 1. Identify essential nutrients & their dietary sources. 2. Describe normal digestion‚ absorption & metabolism of carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ & lipids. 3. Explain essential aspects of energy balance. 4. Discuss body weight & body mass standards. 5. Identify factors influencing nutrition. 6. Identify developmental nutritional considerations. 7. Evaluate a diet using
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Biology A - Assignment 1: Cell Membranes and Temperature Background Theory Beetroot contains betalain pigments within it’s vacuole‚ which gives it it’s purple-red colour‚ it’s this pigment which leaks out as the beetroot is heated and the cells membrane begins to break down. The practicals aim is to show the effect of temperature on the cell membrane by observing the colour change of the water the beetroot was placed in. The cell membrane is important as it controls the substances enters and
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