Ice Cream Report 1. INTRODUCTION Ice cream is a complex colloidal system‚ which consists of air bubbles‚ ice crystals and fat globules. There are many formulation and [processing factors that influence the quality of ice cream. Stabilizer is such a factor‚ the function of stabilizer is to improve air incorporation‚ give body and texture‚ control meltdown of the ice cream(Keeney 1982).The aim of this report describes the procedure of manufacturing ice cream‚ and discuss what the
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take a melting point for reference) • add a boiling chip or boiling stick (otherwise‚ it may "bump" and spill) • use a minimum amount of hot solvent (Add a bit‚ heat/swirl. Not dissolved? Add more!) NOTE: IF YOU USE TOO MUCH SOLVENT‚ YOU WILL GET NO CRYSTALS! 3) ONLY IF NEEDED: Decolorize • most pure compounds are white and give colorless solutions (looks like water) • to remove color (really trace contaminants)‚ add activated charcoal (adsorbs the impurities) 4) ONLY IF NEEDED: Gravity filter to remove
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be ready when a crusty film begins to form on top. What you’re left with is a more concentrated solution of sodium acetate. (You may notice that your solution is slightly yellowish or brownish.) * As the solution boils down‚ sodium acetate crystals will be left sticking along the inside of the pot. Don’t mix them back into the solution; you’ll need them later‚ so use a spoon to gather and save them separately. * Don’t let the film on top of your solution become thick or developed; this
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recrystallization‚ which relies on the different solubilities of solutes in a solvent. Compounds‚ which are less soluble‚ will crystallize first. The crystallization process itself helps in the purification because as the crystals form‚ they select the correct molecules‚ which fit into the crystal lattice and ignore the wrong molecules. This is of course not a perfect process‚ but it does increase the purity of the final product. The solubility of the compound in the solvent used for recrystallization is important
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LABORATORY REPORT 4 PREPARATION OF ALUM FROM ALUMINUM METAL Huy Nguyen October 2nd‚ 2012 The objective of the laboratory is to synthesize alum (KAl(SO4)2.xH2O) from aluminum powder and to determine the proportion of water in the alum crystals. Alum is a product from the reaction between potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. The reaction include several steps‚ as followed: Aluminum powder reacts with potassium hydroxide to generate Al(OH)4- ions and release hydrogen. 2 Al(s) + 2 KOH(aq)
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DISCIPLINE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY BY: xxxxxxx Introduction A drug is a substance that we used mostly in our daily lives. It is a chemical substance with physiological effects when ingested or introduced into our bodies. The response produce can either be beneficial or harmful. Toxins and poisons can be classified as drugs. This report the term ‘drug’ is for medicinal or pharmaceutical purposes. Drugs used to prevent or treat diseases. Drug design
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LEARNING LOG 2: Observe‚ Connect and Reflect on Your Learning PART III – Symmetry in Crystals The most striking examples of symmetry…are crystals. Herman Weyl Period Focus Image Question Your Observations Complete at the end of Week 5 Image 5 Uvarovite is a gemstone rich in chromium. What are your main observations about uvarovite symmetry from studying the external form? (30 - 40 words) (2 marks) What is your personal favourite gemstone and what is its space group. (up to
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beaker that contained the filtrate and the filtrate was undisturbed until it had cooled to room temperature and when no more crystals had formed. 4. The beaker was placed in an ice-water bath for 10 minutes. 5. The crystals were collected by using a Hirsch funnel by vacuum filtration. The filter cake was then washed with 2 small portions of 0.5mL of cold water. The crystals were pressed dry as possible on the funnel with a spatula. 6. The melting point of recrystallized benzoic acid was determined
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National Institute of Geological Sciences Laboratory in Principles of Geology Geology 11.1 Laboratory Manual Name: _____________________ Student #: ___________________ Section: ____________________ Copyright © 2003 National Institute of Geological Sciences. All rights reserved. National Institute of Geological Sciences Laboratory in Principles of Geology Representing the Surface of the Earth Objectives To be able to interpret the data represented on a map To be able to identify
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Smart System or Structure What is a Smart Structure? A smart structure is a system containing multifunctional parts that can perform sensing‚ control‚ and actuation; it is a primitive analogue of a biological body. Smart materials are used to construct these smart structures which can perform both sensing and actuation functions. If truly smart‚ these intelligent systems can determine their present state‚ decide what is the optimum or more desirable state and carry out an appropriate
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