C hapter 1 MATTER IN IN OUR SURROUNDINGS As we look at our surroundings‚ we see a large variety of things with different shapes‚ sizes and textures. Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named “matter”. The air we breathe‚ the food we eat‚ stones‚ clouds‚ stars‚ plants and animals‚ even a small drop of water or a particle of sand– each thing is matter. We can also see as we look around that all the things mentioned above occupy space‚ that is
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of matter are observable in everyday life: solid‚ liquid‚ gas‚ and plasma. Further states are possible but do not naturally occur in our environment: Bose–Einstein condensates‚ neutron stars. Other states‚ such as quark-gluon plasmas‚ are believed to be possible. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter‚ see the list of states of matter. Historically‚ the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape‚ with
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equation into chemical formula for the reactants and products Using valency rules 3. Balance the equation Adjust coefficients to get equal numbers of each kind of atom on each side 4. Specify the physical state for each species present (s) = solid‚ (l) = liquid‚ (g) = gas‚ (aq) = aqueous or dissolved in water Example 1. Phosphorus + chlorine phosphorus trichloride 2. P + Cl2 PCl3 3. Atoms on either side of the arrow are not balanced Reactants: P = 1‚ Cl = 2 Products: P = 1‚ Cl = 3 Insert
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3.1.1 Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and they are constantly moving/continual state of motion. 1.1.2 Identify the difference between elements‚ compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theory Elements are simplest form substance meaning cannot be decomposed further physically or chemically. They are made up of same type of atoms only e.g. helium‚ oxygen. Compounds
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Paraskevi Campus we deal with the density of solids and density of liquids. The main purpose of this experiment is to understand what in reality density means‚ how we can measure it‚ how useful it is‚ what is the difference between density of solids and liquids‚ if the measurements that we did are been accurate and how we can calculate the percentage errors. materials 3 different metals A) copper B) iron C) aluminum - 3 Different liquids A) Water B) Olive oil C) Alcohol
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CHAPTER 10 Liquids and Solids 1. Order the intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ ionic‚ and hydrogen-bonding) from weakest to strongest . a) dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ ionic‚ and hydrogen-bonding b) London dispersion‚ dipole-dipole‚ hydrogen-bonding‚ and ionic c) hydrogen-bonding‚ dipole-dipole‚ London dispersion‚ and ionic d) dipole-dipole‚ ionic‚ London dispersion‚ and hydrogen-bonding e) London dispersion‚ ionic‚ dipole-dipole‚ and hydrogen-bonding Ans: b 2. Hydrogen
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TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS An Introduction Guna Selvaduray San Jose State University Credit for Phase Diagram Drawings: Richard Brindos Credit for scanning the phase diagrams: Brenden Croom G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004 Utility of Ternary Phase Diagrams Glass compositions Refractories Aluminum alloys Stainless steels Solder metallurgy Several other applications G. Selvaduray - SJSU - Oct 2004 References on Ternary Phase Diagrams A. Prince‚ Alloy Phase Equilibria‚ Elsevier Publishing
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a NICOLET iS5 FT infrared spectrometer. The IR sample of a liquid is obtained on a pure liquid called a neat sample whereas solid sample was obtained with the help of an Attenuated total reflectance IR spectra. The index of hydrogen deficiency determines the saturation of a compound (double bonds‚ triple bonds or rings). Elemental analysis helps in determining the molecular formula of a compound. The boiling point of an unknown liquid sample was determined with a mini scale technique. It consists
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Water (Syllabus Topic 8.4) Our planet is rich in water‚ in solid‚ liquid and gaseous forms. Water is essential for the evolution of life and the continued existence of life on Earth. Complete the following revision passage using these words: solution‚ spheres‚ dense‚ solid‚ solute‚ biosphere‚ dissolves‚ gas‚ mass‚ volume‚ solution‚ lithosphere‚ liquid‚ solid‚ gas‚ state Water is a very useful solvent. A solvent is a substance which ____________ other substances. A substance which gets dissolved
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INTRODUCTION. SOLIDS‚ LIQUIDS AND GASES have properties that are use to describe how they behave‚ e.g. for solids it has a definite shape‚ you can hold a solid rock in your hand. You can push on a solid brick wall. Scientists say a solid is something that has shape. A solid resists any change in its shape. TASKS 2. LOOK AT THE PICTURES BELOW FOR SOLID‚ LIQUID AND GAS AND WRITE DOWN THREE PROPERTIES OF EACH? Wood as a Solid. Solid has a fixed shape Its particles are tightly held together
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