Forces: Liquids‚ Solids‚ and Phase Changes Chem 11: General Chemistry 2 Topics 1.1 An Overview of Physical States and Phase Changes 1.2 Quantitative Aspects of Phase Changes 1.3 Types of Intermolecular Forces 1.4 Properties of the Liquid State 1.5 Uniqueness of Water 1.6 The Solid State: Structure‚ Properties and Bonding A hot spring on a snowy day The Kinetic Molecular View of the Three States The characteristic properties of gases‚ liquids‚ and solids can be understood
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evaporation • Solids have the least random molecular motion • Under the same conditions of pressure and temp a liquid differs from a gas because the molecules of the liquid take shape of the container they are in. • The phase change in which a solid becomes a liquid is known as the melting. Liquid to gas is evaporation. Gas to liquid is condensation. Liquid to solid is freezing. Solid to gas is sublimation. Gas to solid is deposition. • The temp of a liquid during boiling increases
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heterogeneous mixture that would be Solid/Liquid would be Skim milk. Although skim milk contains mostly water it also contains casein‚ which is a small protein. The casein protein is so small it may not be thought to be a heterogeneous mixture‚ but if the skim milk curdles the mixture can be separated. A Solid/Liquid solution could be Seawater. The seawater is homogeneous which makes it a solution. The mixture of oil and vinegar to make a vinaigrette salad dressing is a Liquid/Liquid heterogeneous mixture. Due
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------------------------------------------------- Rocket A rocket is a missile‚ spacecraft‚ aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets‚ the exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use.[1] Rocket engines work by action and reaction. Rocket engines push rockets forwards simply by throwing their exhaust backwards extremely fast. Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th century China.[2] Significant
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Part I: Density of Unknown Liquid Calculate the mass of the liquid for each trial. (Subtract the mass of the empty graduated cylinder from the mass of the graduated cylinder with liquid.) Trial 1: Empty graduated cylinder is 25.5 subtracted from 36.5 of the liquid and the cylinder combined equals 11 grams of liquid. Trial 2: 36 grams of water and liquid combined minus the 25.5 of the empty cylinder means equals 10.5 grams of liquid only. Trial 3: Again 36 grams of liquid and the empty cylinder minus
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way pf separating mixtures of solids‚ or solids and liquids with different sized particles - The mixture is poured through a sieve and the particles smaller than the sieve pass through while the larger particles are trapped by the sieve - The are commonly used for cooking - E.g. a mixture of rice and water is poured through a sieve to capture rice and remove the water Filtration - Is a technique commonly used for mixtures of solids and liquid‚ particularly when solids particles are quite small and
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Objectives: 1. To identify the relative densities of some common liquids and solids. 2. To determine the densities of water‚ an unknown liquid‚ a rubber stopper‚ and an unknown rectangular solid. 3. To determine the thickness of a piece of aluminum foil using the density concept. 4. To practice proficiency in performing the following experimental procedures: pippeting a liquid‚ weighing by difference‚ and determining a volume by displacement. Apparatus: Tall glass cylinder‚ glass marble‚ rubber
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print. Part I: Density of Unknown Liquid | | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Mass of Empty 10 mL graduated cylinder (grams) | 25.50 | 25.50 | 25.50 | Volume of liquid (milliliters) | 8.10 | 8.30 | 8.10 | Mass of graduated cylinder and liquid (grams) | 35.50 | 36.00 | 35.50 | Part II: Density of Irregular-Shaped Solid | Mass of solid (grams) | 38.285 | 42.345 | 42.577 | Volume of water (milliliters) | 51.00 | 50.95 | 52.90 | Volume of water and solid (milliliters) | 55.50 | 55.90 | 56
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Notes • Matter&Material • Matter-everything around you‚ it is anything made of atoms and molecules. It’s anything that has a mass. Matter is related to light and electromagnetic radiation. Usually found in a few forms and it has 5 states- (Solids‚Liquids‚Gases‚Plasmas‚Bose Einstein Condensates) • Mass- It is the amount of material in an object. It is the same on Earth or Mars. It is the amount of matter which an object contains. • Weight- It is how heavy something is. It is a physical property
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Measure about 1g of solid copper. 2.Place Cu in Erlenmeyer flask and place flask under fume hood. 3.Add dropwise 15M HNO3 until solid copper is completely reacted. 4.Place flask in water bath. 5.Add 4M NaOH slowly until no more solid forms. 6.Mix contents by slowly swirling flask. 7.Place flask back in water bath‚ heat to boiling‚ and stir. 8.Heat until separation of solid and solution. 9.Cool flask and allow contents to settle. 10.Decant liquid from solid. 11.Wash solid with water and decant
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