cell Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose Have large permanent vacuoles filled with cell sap that contains water and dissolved substances Vary greatly in size and shape Example of flowering plant: Rose Examples of cereals: Maize Examples of non-flowering plant: Conifers Animals: o Multicellular organisms o Do not contain chloroplasts and cannot carry out photosynthesis o Do not have cell walls o Have small temporary vacuoles o Usually have a nervous system and can move from one place to another
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differentiated cells. These are grouped together in tissues. Some tissues contain only one type of cell. Some consist of several. Meristematic The main function of meristematic tissue is mitosis. The cells are small‚ thin-walled‚ with no central vacuole and no specialized features. Meristematic tissue is located in • the apical meristems at the growing points of roots and stems. • the secondary meristems (lateral buds) at the nodes of stems (where branching occurs) [View]‚ and in some plants‚
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mitochondria double membrane – inner folded into cristae site of later stages of aerobic respiration centrioles one pair found in animal cells made of protein microtubules involved in spindle formation and cellular transport lysosomes digestive enzymes wrapped in membrane breakdown of unwanted structures or old cells nucleolus dense body in nucleus synthesis of ribosomes 2.3.2 Proteins synthesised on the ribosomes of the RER are moved to other parts
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Microorganisms and Fungi Bacteria and Viruses Viruses Vocabulary virus: A nonliving‚ infectious particle composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat; it can invade and destroy a cell. pathogen: A virus‚ microorganism‚ or other substance that causes disease; an infectious agent. capsid: A protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus. envelope: A membrane-like layer that covers the capsids of some viruses. glycoprotein: A protein to which carbohydrate
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mark for each correct answer Column 1 E earthworm B jellyfish F starfish D clam 2. (2) Concepts for mark allocation • worn-out organelles are enclosed by membrane forming vacuoles (1) worn-out organelles are enclosed by lysosomes (3) • lysosome releases hydrolytic enzymes into the vacuoles to digest the organelles (1) • digested materials are recycled for resynthesis (1) Page total 5 3. (a) corals obtain nutrients (1/2) and O 2 (1/2) from zooxanthellae for growth /respiration
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Motion NCERT Chapter Questions and Answers and other Q & A Q1: An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement? If yes‚ support your answer with an example. Answer: Yes an object can have zero displacement even though it has moved through a distance. It happens when the object moves back to its original position i.e. final position coincides with the starting position. Example: Suppose an object travels from O to C and then comes back to original position O. Total
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solution to the same amount that the potatoes have. This would result in the potatoes’ cells shrinking-when the fluid left the vacuole‚ and the cytoplasm also being pulled away from the cell wall by the vacuole (dragging the cell wall in‚ too) in the process of plasmolysis-and the entire potatoes piece shrink‚ becoming soft and flaccid; as it was osmosis & the fluid in the vacuole that helped it keep its turgid shape and feel of density and stiffness in the first place (Bradley‚ O.‚ 2006). The potatoes
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SPECIAL SENSES GENERAL PRESENTATION Overview of the Nervous System • Endocrine and nervous systems maintain internal coordination – Endocrine system: communicates by means of chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into to the blood – Nervous system: employs electrical and chemical means to send messages from cell to cell 12-2 Overview of the Nervous System • Nervous system carries out its task in three basic steps • Sense organs receive information about changes in the body and external environment
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CELL STRUCTURE CELL THEORY: Structural and functional unit of all living things New cells arise from already existing cells Cells contain information that instructs growth. This information can be passed onto new cells. MICROSCOPES: There are two main types of microscopes: Light and Electron Electron Micrographs- shown in colour LIGHT ELECTRON Uses beam of light Magnification = x1500 Resolution = 200 nm Wide range of specimens can be used Samples are fairly quick + easy to prepare
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defined nucleus. 3. Both have mitochondria. 4. Both have Golgi bodies. 5. Both are surrounded by a cell membrane. Three differences are: 1. Plants cells have a cell wall‚ whereas animal cells do not. 2. Animal cells have lysosomes‚ whereas plant cells do not. 3. Animal cells contain centrioles and a cytoskeleton‚ whereas most plants do not. Five internal structures of plant or animal cells and their meaning/function are as follows. Nucleus - The nucleus can be found
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