defined nucleus. 3. Both have mitochondria. 4. Both have Golgi bodies. 5. Both are surrounded by a cell membrane. Three differences are: 1. Plants cells have a cell wall‚ whereas animal cells do not. 2. Animal cells have lysosomes‚ whereas plant cells do not. 3. Animal cells contain centrioles and a cytoskeleton‚ whereas most plants do not. Five internal structures of plant or animal cells and their meaning/function are as follows. Nucleus - The nucleus can be found
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membrane in the human body. Energy conversion from carbohydrates and fats to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) requires the presence of CoQ10. Apart from ATP synthesis‚ CoQ10 also aids in lysosomal function. Lysosomes are the organelles inside cells which specialize in the cellular debris digestion. The lysosomes with digestive enzymes function at an acid pH level. This means that the pair requires a steady supply of protons. Those digestive enzymes that are separated by the lysosomal membranes have a massive
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PLANT TISSUES (pp 261-268) HOW ARE CELLS ORGANIZED IN PLANTS? I. MERISTEMATIC TISSUES A. APICAL MERISTEMS Primary Growth 1. Initials a. Occur near tips of roots and shoots b. Cells have thin walls‚ prominent nuclei‚ and small vacuoles c. Functions 1) Establish patterns of growth. • Leaf pattern. 2) Produce new‚ genetically healthy cells 3) Produce derivatives which in turn account for primary growth i.e. elongation. 2. Derivatives a. Protoderm - becomes the
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habitat because plants open their stomata only at night‚ when the temperature is lower‚ and the humidity rises. CO2 diffuses in‚ and mesophyll cells incorporate it into malate‚ which they store in large vacuoles. The stomata closes during the day; however‚ the stored malate moves from the vacuole to a chloroplast and releases its CO2. The CO2 is then fixed in the Calvin cycle by the chloroplast‚ and the CAM pathway reduces photorespiration by generating high CO2 concentrations inside chloroplasts
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three similarities between plant and animal cells. The three differences: Plant cells have cell walls present while animal cells do not. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and plant cells have. Plant cells contain larger vacuoles while animal cells may contain smaller vacuoles. The three similarities: Plant and animal cells have a nucleus. They both have mitochondria present. Lastly‚ they both have organelles. Works
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the cytoplasm and into the vacuole. The increased pressure of water inside the vacuole is called Turgor pressure. Then the cell becomes turgid. Plasmolysis is the opposite of turgor. This happens when plant cells may be placed in a less concentrated solution of water‚ although this is very unlikely to happen in nature. Water passes out of the vacuole‚ the cytoplasm‚ the cell membrane and the cell wall and into the solution outside the cell. The pressure of the vacuole on the cytoplasm
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration of sucrose solution to an area of lower concentration of sucrose solution‚ through a selectively permeable membrane. The water molecules move down a concentration gradient in osmosis. Two diagrams of osmosis are shown in figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of highly concentrated sucrose solution to an area of lower concentrated sucrose solution
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Excretion Questions Chaiken of Biology 1. Distinguish between excretion and egestion/defecation. Why is excretion necessary for life? EXCRETION INCLUDES BALANCING (HOMEOSTASIS) REACTION PRODUCTS‚ TOXINS‚ MOLECULES IN EXCESS AND TOO LITTLE. EGESTION INCLUDES MOLECULES THAT ARE EXITING YOUR ANUS CHEMICALLY UNCHANGED 2. Name three excretory organs of humans. What liquids carry the urea that is excreted? Which organ of another studied organism resembles the nephron in function? THREE
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Tonoplast Plasma membrane surrounding the vacuole • Cell wall o Made of cellulose (a polysaccharide)‚ and may be deposited with ligin o Maintain cell turgidity‚ provide mechanical support‚ protect from mechanical damage o Freely permeable to water and most solutes o Only present in plant cells • Cytoplasm o Protoplasm surrounding the nucleus o There are numerous organelles present in the cytoplasm o Organelle Specialized membrane bound structures • Cell vacuole o Fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane
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Notes: Anatomy & Physiology 1. Cells A cell is the basic‚ living‚ structural‚ and functional unit of the body. Cytology: the study of cells A generalized view of the cell 3 main parts of the cell: Plasma membrane‚ cytoplasm and nucleus. * Plasma (cell) membrane: * Outer‚ limiting membrane separating the cell `s internal components from the extracellular materials and external environment. * Cytoplasm (formed or molded): * Consist of all the cellular contents between
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