and cognitive restructuring in social phobia. International Journal of Psychology‚ 40 (2)‚ 281-292. Bean‚ P Burns‚ D. D. (1999). The feeling good handbook. (Revised ed.). New York‚ NY: Plume. Coles‚ M Corey‚ G. (2009). Theory and practice of counselling and psychotherapy. (8th Ed.). Belmont‚ CA: Thomson Brooks/ Cole. Cowen‚ E Ellis‚ A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy: Revised and updated. Secaucus‚ NJ: Carol Publishing Group. Ellis‚ A. (2008). Rational emotive behaviour therapy. In
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The History of Person Centred Counselling Person Centred Counselling was developed by Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987)‚ a leading American psychologist who was along with Abraham Maslow a major theorist of Humanistic Therapy which developed in the 1950. It is sometimes called
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The Hierarchy of Needs Theory by Abraham Maslow (1943‚ 1954) In the demanding world of business‚ motivation of the employers as well as of employees play a tremendous role (McKay‚ “Importance of Motivation and Goal Setting for Businesses”). Unfortunately‚ theories about human motivation and what drives the employers and their employees to be motivated have not been studied until only recently. This paper will cover the Hierarchy of Needs Theory which analyzes the driving factors of human motivation
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Human motivational theories propounded by Maslow‚ Herzberg ‚ McClelland and Vroom Motivation is a term that refers to a process that controls‚ and sustains certain behaviours. For instance: An individual has not eaten‚ he or she feels hungry‚ and as a response he or she eats and decreases feelings of hunger. According to various theories‚ motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure‚ or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting‚ or a desired
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MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized‚ perpetuated and its manifestations
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Maslow vs Skinner Author ’s Name Institutional Affiliation On a basic level human beings seem to have two states: full and empty‚ satisfied and unsatisfied. When human beings are full and satisfied they can avoid situations and offers that might lead them into danger. For example: if you are a wealthy person you wouldn ’t agree to rob a bank with your friends because they needed money. You wouldn ’t scower trash cans and dumpsters looking for food if you had a full fridge at home. The other
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Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Personal Values and Its Origins 4. Dealing with countertransference 5. Benefits & Limitations 6. Managing personal values - Multicultural Awareness 7. Conclusion 8. References Personal Values in Counselling: ‘It is impossible for a counsellor to maintain a position of neutrality’. Abstract The main purpose of writing this essay is to analyze and highlight some personal values of a counselor that can affect the quality of maintaining
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Maslow ’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs Copyright 2005 by Charles Brickman We are probably all familiar with Abraham Maslow ’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs; Psychological Needs‚ Safety Needs‚ Belongingness and Love Needs‚ Esteem Needs‚ Need to Know and Understand‚ Aesthetic Needs‚ and Self-Actualization Needs. And we probably all remember that according to Maslow ’s theory‚ needs that are in the lower hierarchy must be at least partially met before a person will try to satisfy higher-level needs
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face of it‚ I wanted to comment on how strange this question is. Then I “Googled it”‚ and the search engine came back with 147‚000‚000 results! Whilst‚ at the top of the list were examples of essays (it seems that every psychology/psychotherapy/counselling course has this question on the curriculum)‚ it also seems that this question has been on the lips of people (in many cultures) for a very long time. Right up there are quotes from the King James Bible‚ with one website quoting 70 versus from the
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Counselling Theories‚ Assignment 1 – Short Answer Questions. 1. The concept of nature versus nurture is our personality‚ temperament‚ make up‚ complexion and characteristics which are influenced by our parents through genetics‚ as well as our upbringing‚ environment and education. Using myself as a case study‚ starting with my appearance I have green eyes and light coloured hair which I have inherited from my father‚ he too has green eyes and light coloured hair‚ I also have a few of his traits regarding
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