Colonization‚ Infection‚ Disease Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal associations – normal (resident) flora ‚ indigenous flora‚ microbiota Infection – a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses‚ enter tissues‚ and multiply Pathogen – infectious agent Infectious disease – an infection that causes damage or disruption to tissues and organs Resident Flora Most areas of the body in contact with the outside environment harbor resident microbes Internal organs‚ tissues
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Chapter 21: Diseases of the Respiratory System Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) The upper respiratory tract consists of the: a) pharynx b) nasal cavity c) primary bronchi d) two of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 21.1 Review the anatomy of the upper and lower respiratory tract as it pertains to microbial defenses. Section Reference 1: Section 21.1 Components of the Respiratory System 2) Middle ear infections are common in children because _____. a) they
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Digestive System Complex structure with four compartments Source: Animal Feeding and Nutrition (Jurgens) Ruminant Characteristics Primarily herbivores Cattle‚ sheep‚ goats‚ deer‚ elk Camelids are “pseodu” ruminants 60-75% of ingesta fermented by microbes before exposed to gastric juices Mouth Tongue Used more by cattle and goats (also use lips) Teeth No upper incisors Used more by sheep (use lips to “sort” feed) Saliva Continual production Cattle: 12 gal/d vs Sheep: 2 gal/d No enzymes; High pH
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microbiologists microbiologists A microbiologist is a scientist who studies organism called microbes. Bacteria‚ viruses or fungi are a form of microbes. Microbiologists study these microbes in depth. They must be familiar with the microbes’ environments and how they live and the effect they have on the world. The qualifications you need to become a microbiologist is a strong background in mycology and molecular biology‚ Medical Laboratory Scientist Qualification‚ MSc or PhD in a related area
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BIOREMEDIATION INTRODUCTION:- The process of bioremediation was reportedly devised by George M Robinson in the 1960 during experimentation with dirty jars and the introduction of microbes this was however not applied until the 1972 clean out of the fuel holding tanks on the RMS queen mary. Science 1972 bioremediation has become greater developed as a means of cleaning up spills of gasoline diesel ‚ heavy metals and other easily degraded petroleum products (National Research Council 1993). Bioremediation
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Microbes or microorganisms are minute living things that individually are too small to be seen with the naked eye. There are several benefits of microorganisms; in fact‚ most microbes are beneficial‚ only a minute percentage of microbes are hazardous or can cause disease (J. Black‚ 2012). The following are benefits of microbiology: 1. Certain microbes play important roles in photosynthesis thereby generating food and oxygen which is critical to life. 2. Microbes have great applications in the food
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culturing them) | [Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Originally‚ emphasis was placed on harmful microorganisms which cause disease or spoilage of beverages and food‚ but it is now recognized that many microbes have essential roles in our ecosystem or can be used to accomplish beneficial tasks. Human history is full of examples of major devastations caused by bacteria and viruses. Some of these historically important diseases still occur‚ such tuberculosis
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temperatures between the range of twenty to forty degrees celsius. They inhabit animals and plants and can also be found in soil and water in temperate‚ subtropical and tropical regions. Mesophiles can also grow well in the human body. Thermophiles are microbes that grow optimally at a temperature greater than forty-five degrees celsius. Thermophiles can be found in soil and water associated with volcanic activity‚ and in compost piles and habitats exposed to direct sun. Most do best from forty-five to
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A newborn baby; perfect in every way. All 10 fingers and toes‚ beautiful pink‚ soft skin‚ perfect tiny lips and nose. A strong heart beat and a strong set of lungs. Becoming the parents of a new life; a responsibility of protection is important to the health and safety of the little‚ defenseless person. Infants are very susceptible to many diseases and illnesses. The best place to start providing protection is before leaving the hospital after the child is born. Immunizations are the most important
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the memory capacity of the adaptive system. The Innate immune system mediates the initial protection against infections; it has no memory but can recognise and respond to microbes (seen in Figure 1). The innate immune response is triggered by damaged hosts and has the exact same response to recurrent infections by a microbe‚ although it doesn’t react with the non-self-host cells. The receptors of the innate immune system are fixed on to the germline and are not subjected to recombination as they
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