Effect of ions on living organisms (24 marks) An ion is a charged atom or molecule. This is because it does not have an equal amount of protons and electrons‚ therefore giving the atom an overall charge. An example of an ion is ‚ this is sodium and the plus sign represents an overall positive charge. Ions are very important to living organisms as they are essential for life‚ they play an important role within the cell allowing mechanisms within the living organisms such as respiration‚ to take
Premium Electron Atom Ion
Experiment 5 Determination of Empirical Formulas of Hydrate and Oxide Compounds Room #216 Locker# 1137 Date of Experiment: May 11‚ 2014 Date of Submission: May 16‚ 2014 Purpose: To determine the identity of an unknown hydrated salt calculating the percent water loss after heating and also to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Results: Table 1: Determination of the mass of waters of hydration of an unknown hydrated compound. Hydrated Compound code: C-14 Mass
Premium Chemistry Molecule Water
University Introduction While many thousands of substances are known‚ they can be classified into a few simple categories based on type of bonding that exists among the atoms in the substance. Bonds are chemical forces that hold atoms together to form molecules or compounds. These categories are ionic‚ molecular and metallic substances. In ionic compounds valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another‚ resulting in formation of ions of opposite charge. Metals will lose electrons to form cations
Premium Solubility Solvent Ion
secondly because the reactions occur at higher speed making it more likely to succeed. A few other factors are the surface area and if a catalyst is present. The larger the surface area the more collisions will occur because there are more places for molecules to react with each other. A catalyst affects the rate of reaction not by increasing the number of collisions‚ but by making more of the collisions that do occur successful. Ordinary household bleach is an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite
Premium Chemistry Atom Strategic management
occurs when one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion‚ which then result in attraction. 2. What is a covalent bond? A covalent bond is a bond that occurs when atoms in a molecule share a pair of electrons. For example‚ “the atoms in sugar do not form ions; instead‚ they are held together because of shared electrons.” 3. Do you think sugar or salt will melt at a higher temperature? Explain your answer. Since sugar is
Premium Chemical bond Atom Ion
Carbopol 940 could yield clear gel with desired rheological property. Carbopol 940 was selected as a gelling agent based on preliminary experiments and previous reports due to its widespread use in pharmaceutical formulations and fast dispersion in water (Sahoo et al.‚ 2014; Sharma and Bedi‚ 2014; Pillai et al.‚ 2015). Moreover‚ it is speculated that Carbopol with low concentration can be safe for nasal administration (Khan et al.‚ 2010). Carbopol is known to have mucoadhesive properties. It
Premium Gel Temperature Solubility
Analytical Chemistry I 1 Course Outlines LU1 :Analytical Chemistry Overview LU2: Measurements and Data Treatment LU3: Stoichiometric Calculations LU4: General Concepts of Chemical Equilibrium LU5: Gravimetric Methods LU6: Acid-Base Equilibria LU7: Acid-base titrations LU8: Analytical Separations Course Assessment Laboratory reports (15%) Assignments (15%) MidTerm Examination (30%) Final Examination (40%) 3 References 1. Christian‚ G.D. (2003)
Premium Atom Chemistry Electron
Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield Aim To determine the limiting reagent between the reaction of lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide. To determine the percent yield of lead (II) iodide. Date Started: 13/4/12. Finished: 19/4/12. Data collection and processing Measurements: * Amount of distilled water: 75.0ml ± 0.5ml. * Mass of watch glass: 31.65g ± 0.01g. * Mass of watch glass + potassium iodide: 32.45g ± 0.01g. * Mass of potassium iodide: 0.8g ± 0.02g. * Mass of watch
Premium Stoichiometry Yield Molecule
Qualitative Analysis Qualitative is where the results give a colour that you have to match up to a colour chart‚ or have you have done to see if it is positive or negative with a description of what a positive reaction should look like. This test is less reliable as some colour or positive reaction look similar to each other or the same but by adding different chemicals. An example of qualitative would be a pH test as the result gives you a colour and then you have to match it up to the pH scale
Premium Ion Electric charge Chemistry
SK0013 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – TUTORIAL 2 MATTER II 1. Given the formula K2CO3‚ determine the percent composition (fraction of K‚ C and O) of potassium carbonate (K2CO3 = 138.205 g/mol). 2. A compound has the following composition: C=40%‚ H=6.67%‚ O=53.3%. Its molecular weight is 60.0. Derive its molecular weight. 3. Determine the molar concentration of each of the following solutions: a) 166 g KI per L solution b) 33.0 g (NH4)2SO4 in 200 mL solution c) 12.5 g CuSO4.5H2O in 100 mL solution
Premium Carbon dioxide Carbon Concentration