Unit 3 Growth & Heredity Exam Review & Study Guide WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT… DNA STRUCTURE‚ DNA REPLICATION‚ Tx‚ Tl‚ MUTATIONS‚ CELL CYCLE‚ MITOSIS‚ MEIOSIS‚ MENDELIAN GENETICS Review/Use the following: Vocab lists‚ ISN Pages‚ Practice Questions‚ Lectures‚ Book Chapters 12‚ 9‚ 10 DNA STRUCTURE 1. What role did Rosalyn Franklin play in our understanding of DNA’s structure? She discovered the double-helix position of the DNA. 2. What role did James Watson & Francis Crick play in our understanding
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Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects the shape and functionality of red blood cells. It is caused by a mutation in the DNA of the protein‚ hemoglobin‚ specifically in the beta chain. There are 531 base pairs in this DNA strand. Substitution or point mutation occurs‚ causing “GAG” to become “GTG”. This results in valine being created instead of glutamate. The mutation causes the hemoglobin to cling together in low oxygen levels and the red blood cell changes shape‚ preventing it from
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will be more common in the next generation than those of its less ‘fit’ relatives. This process is called natural selection. Natural selection is a critical aspect of the evolutionary process. The reason for diversity is mutation. Mutations are random alterations in our genes‚ Mutations can be minor‚ like a slightly longer neck‚ or they can be obvious‚ like
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Bio 101 Review Sheet Test #3 (Chapters 7‚8‚9) Chapter 7 1. 3 effects of mutations a. Good‚ bad‚ silent i. What silent is in terms of amino acids 2. Point mutation 3. Frameshift mutation 4. Main causes of mutation of DNA 5. Which mutations are heritable 6. Definition of allele b. How process of mutation in replication leads to new alleles 7. Transgenic organism c. What it is d. How its created e. Definition of recombinant
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is approximately 1 in 4‚000 to 6‚000. The reason it is lower in females is that‚ while all males with an FMR1 full mutation will have Fragile X syndrome‚ some females with an FMR1 full mutation will not have behavioral‚ cognitive or physical features of FXS. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is caused by the expansion or lengthening of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome‚ known as a gene mutation. The X chromosome is one of two sex determining chromosomes. When the gene lengthens it switches off production of
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24. What three types of gene regulation that are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells? 25. In a prokaryotic cell what are the elements of an operon? 26. Define a gene mutation. 27. Identify two causes of gene mutations. 28. Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation. 29. What are the three deadliest forms of cancer in the United States? 30. What is the
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For the mice homozygous for null BRCA1 mutations‚ for example with exon-11 deletion (Δ11) isoform of BRCA1 (BRCA111/11)‚ the organisms develop embryonic lethality‚ which display severe apoptosis (Liu et al.‚ 1996; Ludwig et al.‚ 1997). As a result‚ cells must acquire secondary mutations to allow proliferation and tumorigenesis in order to survive with BRCA1 deficiency (Aly and Ganesan‚ 2011). Almost all BRCA1-deficient cancer cells have acquired p53 mutations‚ but p53 function is not enough to overcome
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obtained 0% survival rate and the lowest germination rate (70%). Thus‚ irradiation of 10 kr induces mutation to the corn which will give the highest survival rate and germination of the seed while doses of radiation higher than 10 kr will inhibit its growth and decrease germination. Generally‚ irradiation has a negative effect on the growth and germination of the corn plant. INTRODUCTION Mutations occur when there is a change in the sequencing of nucleotides in the DNA of an individual that results
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ABSTRACT Mutation was induced via a physical agent‚ radiation. 4 levels of radiation—0 kr (control)‚ 10 kr‚ 30 kr‚ and 50 kr—were used in seeds to determine the radiation effects on the growth of Zea mays. Using two duplicate set-ups‚ each‚ planted with 18 seeds per radiation‚ the differences in height were observed from January 29 to March 17 in a 1 to 2-day interval (Mondays-Wednesdays-Fridays). Results show that as radiation increases‚ the potential of plants to grow decreases—0 kr seeds reached
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transfer and antibiotic resistance Genetics 6. BIOL1 : symptoms of lactose intolerance 7. BIOL2 : Formation of non-functional enzymes 8. BIOL5 : Risk factors for cancer‚ the nature of cancer‚ tumours suppressor and proto-oncogenes 9. BIOL5 : Mutations and disease (e.g. sickle cell anaemia (heterozygous advantage) and cystic fibrosis 10. BIOL5 : Venoms and nerve toxins and muscle control Breadth Use topics from at least three modules‚ units Used examples of three different kingdoms [shown
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