Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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It is first oxidised to a methyl ketone before it gets further oxidised to a carboxylate salt. Stage 1: Oxidation to methyl ketone oxidation half-equation: RCH(OH)CH3 RCOCH3 [O already balanced] RCH(OH)CH3 RCOCH3 + 2H+ [balance H atoms] RCH(OH)CH3 + 2OH- RCOCH3 + 2H+ + 2OH- [add OH- to remove H+]
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Carsten Jork‚ Asimina Kavarnou‚ and Wolfgang Arlt‚ Rolf Hirsch‚ 2004‚ Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures Using Hyperbranched Polymers or Ionic 15. G. Wytze Meindersma‚ Anita (J.G.) Podt‚ Marianne B. Klaren and André B. de Haan‚ 2004‚ SEPARATION OF AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH IONIC
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Lab 1: Effect of pH on sodium benzoate‚ a food preservative Sheikh M Zakaria Person no. 36295651 TA: Synthia Gratia Date of Submission: 05/29/13 Abstract Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative used in food products such as jams and jellies‚ soft drinks‚ pickles‚ condiments etc and in tinned products in the market. This experiment aimed to determine whether benzoic acid is formed from it’s superior soluble form sodium benzoate in stomach acid‚ which is simulated by HCl (pH=2). It has
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Organic Chemistry Basic Ideas: Carbon chains: Straight chains and branched chains‚ Numbering of chains and branches. Carbon Rings: Cyclic Molecules‚ Aromatic Compounds Types of Organic reactions: Combustion Addition Substitution Condensation Oxidation What is organic chemistry? Carbon compounds. Methane CH4 Hexane C6 H14 Ethane C2H 6 Heptane C7 H16 Propane C3H 8 Octane C8 H18 Butane C4H10 Nonane C9H20 Pentane C 5 H12 Decane C1 0 H22 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
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properties of the antimicrobial agent sodium benzoate. Theory Sodium has mainly been used in food processing to avoid growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms. It is commonly used to preserve foods and beverages that have an acidic pH. Rather than benzoic acid‚ sodium benzoate is used because it is generally soluble in most aqueous solutions but benzoic acid is not. Reaction Sodium benzoate mixed with water‚ dissociates into benzoate and sodium ions. Hydrogen chloride‚ which
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if a new substance forms when sodium benzoate is placed in a simulated stomach acid. Theory Benzoic acid can be found in a wide variety of plants. It is used as a natural preservative in many foods. Sodium benzoate‚ the salt of benzoic acid‚ has become a more popular choice as a food preservative because it is more soluble in water than benzoic acid. Many food items found today are preserved with sodium benzoate. Reaction Reaction: sodium benzoate + hydrochloric acid benzoic acid +
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the procedure outlined in Appendix A of the Lab Manual‚ approximately equal samples of p-Nitrophenol and acetanilide‚ which are known to have the same melting range of 113-114 degrees Celcius‚ were taken and inserted into the melting point apparatus. The melting points of the compounds were noted and found to be very similar. Next‚ approximately equal amounts of p-Nitrophenol and acetanilide were mixed on a clean watch glass. A sample of the mixture was placed in the Mel-temp apparatus as before
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Amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil) D. Acetaminophen 6. Compounds made from living sources all contain the element A. potassium. B. zinc. C. magnesium. D. carbon. 7. Phenol has a functional group known as the _______ group present in the molecule. A. methyl B. amine C. carbonyl D. hydroxyl 8. Refer to the periodic table of elements (Figure 30 in your study unit) to help you answer this question. The molecular formula of citrate is C6H8O7. What is the molecular weight of this drug? A. 29.08 B. 192.08
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Introduction: Nucleophillic substitution is one of the most studied reactions in organic chemistry. In class‚ we are learning about two of these cases: SN1 and SN2. Many other reactions in this class proceed by mechanisms that are best described as somewhat between the two extremes. The SN2 reaction occurs in a single step. The nucleophile simultaneously attaches to the substrate as the leaving group leaves. The reaction displays second-order kinetics; its rate is proportional to the concentrations
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