The partition – gravimetric method involves extraction of dissolved or emulsified oiland grease from water by using an extracting solvent. The common solvents used aren-hexane‚ methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)‚ and trichlorotrifluoroethane. Any filterable solvent-soluble substances (e.g.‚ elemental sulfur‚ complex aromatic compounds‚ hydrocarbon derivatives of chlorine‚ sulfur‚ and nitrogen‚ and certain organic dyes) that are extracted and recovered are defined as oil and grease. No known solvent
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Experiment 3 Objectives Separation by Solvent Extraction To separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound by using solvent extraction techniques. Introduction Frequently‚ organic chemists must separate an organic compound from a mixture of compounds‚ often derived from natural sources or products of synthetic reactions. One technique used to separate the mixture compounds is called extraction. Extraction is a process
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Ethyl acetate (systematically‚ ethyl ethanoate‚ commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues‚ nail polish removers‚ and cigarettes (see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan‚ North America‚ and Europe
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Explosives A chemical explosive is a compound or a mixture of compounds susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction causing a quick physical outburst of gases or heat radiation. The first explosives were created by the Chinese in the 11th century. These were mixtures of nitrate salts‚ sulfur and charcoal‚ now known as black powder. Gunpowder which is a low explosive‚ exhibits deflagration‚ or rapid burning‚ rather than detonation‚ the reaction exhibited by high explosives. While‚ perhaps counterintuitively
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to an IHD of 5. It is evident‚ by calculating the IHD‚ that this compound contains a benzene ring. By heating anisene with hydroiodic acid the following reaction occurs: [rxn 1] The resultant of a phenol indicates that anisene is‚ in fact‚ an aryl methyl ether with the formula C9H9OCH3. Since all these facts have been established about the structure of anisene‚ what is to be determined from this experiment is the structure of the unsaturated side chain and its location. In order to do this‚ anisene
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Friedel-Crafts liquid phase alkylation reaction of aromatic compounds is an industrially important which is known since 1877 and also commonly practiced in organic chemistry for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds [1]. Catalytic benzylation of aromatics with benzyl chloride is one of the commercially significant C-C bond synthetic reaction processes to produce benzylated aromatics such as diphenylmethane and substituted diphenylmethanes. These are key intermediates in the synthesis
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Objective: To study the affect of pH on a food preservative. Chemical Equation: C6H5COONa + HCL ------ C6H5COOH + NaCl Procedure: This experiment was started with a clear solution of sodium benzoate and HCl was added to it‚ ultimately producing benzoic acid. First‚ .3395 g of sodium benzoate was weighed‚ then it was dissolved in water‚ causing it to disassociate into ions. Next‚ 3M of HCl were added drop wise to the solution until it reached a pH of 2‚ thus introducing the hydronium ion
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Biodiesel It refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl‚ propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g.‚ vegetable oil‚ animal fat (tallow[1][2])) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters. Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used alone‚ or blended with petro diesel
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The Infra-Red spectra showed the carbonyl of the acetyl groups in addition to the disappearance of the NH band. Their 1H NMR spectra showed the acetyl methyl signals‚ the sugar protons signals and the aromatic signals. The coupling constant value of the anomeric protons 9.8-10.2 Hz indicated that attachment of the sugar moiety is in the beta conformation leading to the formation of the
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Introduction The purpose of this lab was to produce benzoic acid by mixing sodium benzoate with hydrochloric acid. The Hydrochloric acid used in the experiment was a stock solution made by mixing HCl Acid and deionized water. HCl acid‚ historically called‚ muriatic acid or spirits of salt‚ hydrochloric acid is produced from sulfuric acid and common salt‚ NaCl (Princeton.edu). Since the early 1900 ’s‚ sodium benzoate has been used as a food preservative (SolarNavigator). It is utilized in a wide range
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