September 10th‚ 2013 EXPERIMENT 1 LEARNING BASIC OPERATIONS: THE EFFECT OF PH ON A FOOD PRESERVATIVE Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate a competitor’s claim that the food preservative‚ sodium benzoate (C6H5COONa)‚ made by Fresh Foods International (FFI)‚ changed into a new substance in stomach acid. Stomach acid has a pH between 1 and 3 due to the hydrochloric acid content. Based on the net equation given in the book as well as the solubility of the product our hypothesis
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C=O str.‚ C-H str.‚ and C-H bend in the following molecules: 1. Benzaldehyde 2. Ethyl Benzoate 3. 3-Pentanone 4. Pentanal * For given unknown Infrared spectra‚ figure out the compounds based on the absorption frequencies of C=O str.‚ C-H str.‚ and C-H bend. DATA AND RESULTS: Assignments for unknowns A-D: Spectrum letter: | Compounds | A | 3-Pentanone | B | Ethyl Benzoate | C | Pentanal | D | Benzaldehyde | Comparison of Observed and
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DELA CRUZ‚ CYNTHIA GRACE C. 2008-13749 FS 125 March 10‚ 2012 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 1. Introduction Food preservation has long been practiced since the olden times with processes such as heating ‚ drying‚ fermentation and refrigeration. In spite of this‚ physical methods are not enough to eliminate all microorganisms found in foods. Therefore‚ antimicrobial agents are needed to destroy these foodborne pathogens‚ so that the food will have a longer shelf-life. As technology progresses‚ improvements
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formula (b) Skeletal formula 2. Draw all the possible isomers of hexane C6H14 and give the name of each. 3. Draw the structural formulae for each of the following alkanes: (a) 2‚2- dimethylbutane (b) 2-methyl-4-ethylhexane 4. A student gave the name of a hydrocarbon as 2-methyl-2-ethylbutane. Give the correct name. 5. (a) Draw the structural formula of the most highly branched isomer of octane (b) Suggest why this isomer combusts more smoothly than the straight-chain isomer
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NORTHERN CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY‚ CHEMISTRY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LABORATORY MANUAL Instructor: Dr. M. Wilson CHEM401: BIOCHEMISTRY for NURSES Prepared by: Oreane Collins CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REGULATIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Reference: http://www.sciencebyjones.com/safety_rules.htm Thanks to the Flinn Scientific Safety Rules for much of the below. General Guidelines 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times
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and taste sodium benzoate‚ then any potential link between those traits could never be established by this experiment‚ as all of the data that would have connected those traits would have been mixed in with other information from other students. To keep that from happening in future experiments‚ each student should mark what they tasted on independent charts‚ so as to allow the data to be interpreted more closely. There were some inconsistencies in the data. In the sodium benzoate testing‚ there were
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reaction A2(g)B2(g) → 2A(g) + 2B(g) at the temperature 400 0 C has the rate Constant K =2.0x10 -4 sec -1 . What percentage of A2B2 is decomposed on heating for 900 seconds. Q.11 Do the following conversions: (i) Methyl bromide to acetone. (ii) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenyl acetic acid. Q.12 How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: (i) Chloroform and carbon tetra chloride.
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CLASSIFICATION TESTS A. Acids There are relatively few suitable tests for carboxylic acids. Classification is based mostly upon solubility tests. If the compound is water soluble‚ test the aqueous solution of your compound with pH paper (also check the pH of the original water). If the compound is water-insoluble and it dissolves in 5% (1.5M) sodium hydroxide and 5% NaHCO3 solutions as performed in your solubility tests‚ it can be classified as a carboxylic acid. Establish an equivalence value
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HYDROCARBONS 365 UNIT 13 HYDROCARBONS Hydrocarbons are the important sources of energy. After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • • name hydrocarbons according to IUPAC system of nomenclature; recognise and write structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Objective The objective of this experiment was to illustrate electrophilic aromatic substitution by synthesizing p-nitroanilide (as well as ortho) from acetanilide by nitration. The para form was separated from the ortho form based on solubility properties using recrystallization techniques. Synthetic equations: Physical Properties & Hazards of Reagents/Products: (all taken from Sigma-Aldrich website) Acetanilide MM = 135.16 g/mol Melting point =
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