April 04‚ 2014 Fisher Esterification Introduction: Esters are one of the most common derivatives of carboxylic acids and are widely distributed in both nature and industry. A Fischer Esterification is the formation of an ester and water from alcohol and an acid. It is the simplest means of synthesizing an ester and requires the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The general reaction of Fischer esterification is‚ CH3CO2H + ROH ↔ CH3CO2R + H2O (reaction1) CH3COOH + ROH ↔
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the number of asymmetric carbons‚ how many stereoisomers of prostacyclin are possible? 5. Hydrogenation of an alkene will yield an alkane. The alkane formed by hydrogenation of (S)-4-methyl-1-hexene (I) is optically active‚ while the one formed by hydrogenation of (S)-3-methyl-1-pentene (II) is not. Explain. I II 6. Draw and label a stereoisomer of this compound that is chiral‚ and draw two that are achiral. 7. Draw the formula for an unsaturated alkyl
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with potassium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol. The 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane will lose a hydrogen from three different carbons that cause the formation of three constitutional isomers. If the hydroxide ion attacks a hydrogen on the 3-methyl carbon‚ then 2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-heptene will be the product. If a hydrogen on the carbon-2 was attacked‚ then the product would be 3‚ 7-dimethyl-2-octene. If a hydrogen was attacked on the carbon-4‚ then 3‚ 7-dimethyl-3-octene will result (Figure 1). As a side note
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO IMPROVE THE PERFOMANCE OF NEEM OIL BIO DIESEL FUELLED SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE USING LPG INDUCTION SYSTEM Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING By HARSHAL AGARWAL (11108037) MITHUN GUPTA (11108054) OM PRAKASH KUMAWAT (11108065) Under the guidance of Dr. B NAGALINGAM (Professor‚ Department of Automobile Engineering) FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SRM UNIVERSITY (under section 3 of
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Experiment # 4: Analysis of Soda Ash Experiment # 5: Volumetric Analysis of a Carbonate – Bicarbonate Mixture Submitted by: Eugenio December 2012 Department of Chemical Engineering University of Santo Tomas España‚ Manila Abstract Soda ash is the common name for sodium carbonate (NaCO3)‚ a chemical salt derived from carbonic acid. It is frequently used in manufacturing‚ industry‚ and in domestic chores. Glass production is one of the primary industrial uses for sodium carbonate. It is also
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international treaties aimed at eliminating the production and use of ozone-depleting substances‚ including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)‚ used as industrial refrigerants and in aerosols‚ and the pesticide methyl bromide. Specifically‚ developing countries need to focus on eliminating the use of methyl bromide as an agricultural pesticide and they must halt illegal trade in CFCs. More than 130‚000 new cases of melanoma are reported around the world and some 66‚000 people die from skin cancer every
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relates to their reactivity. This concept was explored by answering the question “Does each alcohol undergo halogenation and controlled oxidation?” . Using three isomers of butanol; the primary 1-butanol‚ the secondary 2-butanol and the tertiary 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ also referred to as T-butanol‚ two experiments were performed to test the capabilities of the alcohols. When mixed with hydrochloric acid in a glass test tube‚ the primary alcohol and secondary alcohols were expected to halogenate‚ however
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This reaction is also called‚ methylation. Methylation designates the addition of a methyl group on an atom 7. It is a form of alkylation with a methyl group‚ instead of a larger carbon chain it replaces the hydrogen atom with a methyl group which then yields codeine. Codeine can be used to treat mild to moderate pain‚ primarily used to treat coughing. Codeine is often times combined with other non-narcotic
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Methodology The reagents used for this experiment were the following: * Methyl red * 0.1M Nitric Acid * 0.5M Copper sulfate – sulfuric acid mixture * 0.1M Sodium hydroxide * Acetone * Distilled water The apparatus used were the following: * Phywe Transference Number Apparatus * Analytical Balance * Buret * Beaker * pipet The experiment starts off with the preparation of the set-up for the transference vessel. Fill the double U-tube with 0.1M Nitric acid
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL: The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect theozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible forozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16‚ 1987‚ and entered into force on January 1‚ 1989‚ followed by a first meeting in Helsinki‚ May 1989. Since then‚ it has undergone
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