Experiment 7 Investigating Stoichiometry with Sodium Salts of Carbonic Acid Introduction: The student will perform the experiment in order to find the percent yield by using the theoretical value found using the balanced equation for sodium carbonate as well as sodium bicarbonate. The objective is to stabilize the substances by titrations and finding the percent yield when all the data is collected. The purpose of this procedure is so that the student will get better understanding of stoichiometry
Premium Hydrochloric acid Sodium carbonate Sodium
reaction of EAS: The Nitration of Toluene exhibits how the attack of a nitronium ion would give out major and minor products at different positions of toluene. This is an electrophilic substitution mechanism. Mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid will produce a nitronium ion‚ which will attack ortho-‚ meta- and para- positions at Toluene. (Mechanism at appendix). Introduction/Procedure Toluene is cooled down to almost 0’C because the overall reaction is quite exothermic. High temperatures
Premium Nitration Electrophilic aromatic substitution Sulfuric acid
A Swiss chemist named Dr. Albert Hoffman first produced lysergic acid Diethylmide or best known as LSD in 1938 (Dye‚ 1992‚ p. 2). Hoffman discovered the drug while trying to synthesize a new drug for the treatment of headaches. He obtained the lysergic acid from the parasitic fungus that grows on rye plants known as ergot. From the lysergic acid‚ he synthesized the compound LSD. He used the compound to test for its pain killing properties on laboratory animals. Being that appeared totally ineffective
Premium
given out in neutralizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using different concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. Background Information:- Substances that neutralize acids are called alkalis. An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+ ) when placed in water. It can also be described as a proton donor as it provides H+ ions. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) etc. An alkali is a soluble base and forms hydroxyl ions (OH-) when placed in water. It
Premium Hydrogen Hydrochloric acid Chlorine
Acid Rain: The Southern Company (A) Case Analysis | Production Processes and Costs | | | | | Executive Summary In the year 1992‚ the Southern Company that held the Bowen plant‚ a coal-fired steam electric plant had to decide on the various options available to comply with the amendments in the Clean Air Act‚ effective 1995. The Bowen plant was an unusually large plant with a capacity to serve the residential‚ commercial and industrial demands of 1 million people. The Bowen
Premium Coal Sulfur dioxide Costs
The first step is the formation of the NO2 from the nitric acid: NO2 1.3) O O S N HO O O HO O N + H2O + HSO4- OH O The second step is the nucleophile attack of the bromobenzene on the NO2. The temperature is moderated to avoid the formation of ortho and meta products: Br Br O + H+ N O NO2 2. PROCEDURE 2.1) Reaction In a 100mL twin‐neck bottom flask a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid was prepared (cooled down with
Premium Sulfuric acid Solubility Nitric acid
Manufactured vs Natural Acid Rain Effect on Tomato Seed Germination Qsanet Tekie Mrs. Schneider AP Environmental Science 2nd Period 15 February 2014 Manufactured vs Natural Acid Rain Effect on Tomato Seed Germination Introduction The purpose of my experiment is to see the effects of different types of acid rain on tomato see germination. Specifically‚ I am testing man-made acid rain versus natural rain water to see if one inhibits the seed germination
Free Fruit Seed Acid
primary standard to analyze acid and base solutions Acid-base titration Lab 13G Jake Shewchuk Lab 13C Dominique Genereux Purpose 13G: 1. To prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid and use it to standardize an unknown sodium hydroxide solution. Purpose 13C: 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “unknown” concentration with standardized 0.5M sodium hydroxide. 2. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of “known” concentration
Premium Hydrochloric acid Acid dissociation constant Sodium hydroxide
of CuSO₄ (0.13M‚ 0.11M‚ 0.090M‚ and 0.070M) were prepared by crushing the copper sulfate with a mortar and pestle. The copper sulfate was then added into different volumetric flasks with 10.0 mL of distilled water. Also‚ 10 drops of concentrated nitric acid were added to the solutions. By placing each solution in the spectronic 20 device‚ the absorption measurements were noted down and graphed. Data Collection: M = mol/vol CuSO₄ + 5H₂O CuSO₄ = 249.5896g 0.13M 0.13M = mol/ 0.100L = 0.013
Premium Concentration Absorbance Sulfuric acid
isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table 1. Literature and actual IR values of (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. Compound Literature
Premium Functional group Acetic acid Solvent