An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy Edinburgh University Press An Introduction to English Morphology Edinburgh Textbooks on the English Language General Editor Heinz Giegerich‚ Professor of English Linguistics (University of Edinburgh) Editorial Board Laurie Bauer (University of Wellington) Derek Britton (University of Edinburgh) Olga Fischer (University of Amsterdam) Norman Macleod (University of Edinburgh) Donka Minkova (UCLA)
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Adjective An adjective describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun‚ e.g. a cold day. See comparative adjective‚ demonstrative adjective‚ -ing/-ed adjective‚ possessive adjective‚ superlative adjective. Adverb An adverb describes or gives more information about how‚ when‚ where‚ or to what degree etc something is done‚ e.g. he worked quickly and well. Apostrophe A punctuation mark (’). The ’ is added to a singular noun before an s to show that something belongs to someone‚ e.g. John’s
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Morphology ‘If language was just a random collection of words‚ you couldn’t acquire it‚ you couldn’t learn it and you’d be imprisoned in the here and now because you couldn’t talk about what was‚ what might be and what will be…’ You couldn’t construct complete and coherent texts….you’d be in a ‘me Tarzan – you Jane’ situation‚ swinging from the wordtrees‚ pointing at things with little labels on them to try and make your partner understand.’ The myths of grammar (Crystal 2004)
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First Monthly Test English 3 I.LANGUAGE Simple Recall Directions: Pick out the nouns in each sentence. Write them on the sheet provided‚ Then‚ write A if the noun names a person‚ B- a place‚ C-a thing‚ and D – an event. Example: The boys played their toys. Answer: boys – person ‚ toys - thing 1. Do you have a map of the Philippines? 2. The children were tired after their field trip. 3. Our parents always remind us to respect the elders. 4. The earthquake originated in Marinduque
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LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION OF ENGLISH AFFIXATION INTRODUCTION In a language the importance of know an extensive set of words and the respective use of these and all the rules can demonstrate and be helpful in aspects in daily life. Morphology is the science that studies the morphemes‚ small units in a language with meaning. Words are composed by these morphemes that have different types and classifications‚ free morphemes with their functional and lexical subtypes and bound morphemes
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Grammar as Rhetoric and Style The Appositive An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that tells the reader something about a nearby noun or pronoun. In each sentence below‚ the appositive is underlined. The italics shows the noun or pronoun that the appositive details. It turned out that one of the top students‚ Denny Davies‚ had learned of this rule. Kennedy‚ a wiry fifty-nine-year-old who has a stern buzz cut‚ was in 1997 the principal of Sarasota High School. In 1981‚ two professors
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SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT The subject and the verb must agree in number: both must be singular or both must be plural. Students have problems with subject verb agreement when the verb is a form of be or have‚ or when the verb is in present tense. Rules for subject verb agreement 1. When words like the following are used as subjects‚ they take singular verb. Everybody | Anybody | Somebody | Nobody | Each | Everyone | Anyone | Someone | No one | Either | Everything | Anything | Something
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subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically. ALMANAC Definition: Noun 1. An annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information such as astronomical data and tide tables. 2. A handbook‚ typically published annually‚ containing information of general interest or on a sport or pastime. | | ATLAS Definition: Noun 1. A book of maps or charts: "I looked in the atlas to find a map of Italy"; "a road atlas". 2. A book of
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1. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES • contain a preposition and a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition. Examples: PREP OBJ OF PRE on the freshly pressed white jacket PREP OBJ OF PREP OBJ OF PREP beside the driftwood and seaweed COMMON TYPES OF PHRASES Prepositional phrases modify adjectives or adverbs and are called either adjective phrases or adverb phrases. Adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one. Examples:
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Chapter 4: Linguistic Typology Chapter 4 Linguistic typology 4.1 Introduction Simply speaking‚ the study of universals is concerned with what human languages have in common‚ while the study of typology deals with ways in which languages differ from each other. This contrast‚ however‚ is not sharp. When languages differ from each other‚ the variation is not random‚ but subject to limitations. Linguistic typology is not only concerned with variation‚ but also with the limitations on the degree
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