and wrong on the production of happiness. It is also an ethical philosophy that stresses the greatest happiness of the greatest number as seen from an impartial bystander’s perspective. Before we discuss how Mozi’s philosophy can be applied to utilitarian morality‚ a distinction within utilitarianism must be made. Act Utilitarianism vs. Rule Utilitarianism Generally speaking‚ there are two kinds of utilitarianism‚ act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Each type of utilitarianism agrees
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A utilitarian believes in the action for the good for all people. This would mean that a Utilitarian would agree with the magistrate’s decision on framing the innocent man. The reason behind this agreement is that since the one man being killed is saving lives and saving chaos it makes it ethical‚ from a utilitarian standpoint. According to utilitarianism one must consider the consequences of a certain action. So in this case the magistrate must weigh the pros and cons of the decision to execute
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According to Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory‚ an act is only morally right if we can will it to be a universal law of conduct. This ideal is what Kant called the "categorical imperative." The categorical imperative has been successfully achieved when all of the following conditions have been met: the act in question is possible for everyone to follow; all rational people must be able to accept the act as if they were receiving the treatment themselves‚ and last‚ the act can never treat people as means
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greatest number of people. Utilitarians describe moral actions as actions that boost something good and lessen something that is bad. Virtue‚ knowledge‚ and goodwill are all good but they are only good if they give people a pleasurable existence. Pain is the only thing that is intrinsically bad. Utilitarians focus on the result of an act instead of the inherent nature of the act. An example would be an individual throwing their garbage into the ocean. Utilitarians would say throwing garbage
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However ‚ Utilitarians will claim there’s no universallly valid moral principle that can be apply to all humans because all moral values are relative to culture and indivuals intrinsic values. Although‚ there’s a strong doctrine of negative responsibility pertaining to the concept of Utilitarianism. This doctrine declares that people are responsible for actions they fail to prevent as well as they are for actions they
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optimize utility in the situation; this will make the utilitarian point always abjectly correct. Under this systems your personal intentions count just like one vote and your fate can be decided by other people. As an example of this moral theory in practice you can observe: the human sacrifices
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taken to the point that‚ thereby‚ positively affect the happiness of all. The understanding of each action is done on the individual case basis and the proper action is the one that is pursued that provides the maximum ethical benefit. Unlike act utilitarian which lays emphasis on the fact that you should follow a given rule because‚ if everyone were to follow such rule‚ the overall utility shall be higher. Rule utilitarianism‚
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“What is Utilitarianism?” Ask a passerby to describe his personal morality‚ and you’ll likely get a complicated explanation filled with ifs‚ ands‚ and buts. Ask a utilitarian‚ and he can give a six-word response: greatest good for the greatest number. Of course‚ utilitarianism is not that simple. Like any philosophical system‚ it is the subject of endless debate. Still‚ for the average reader who is unfamiliar with the jargon that characterizes most philosophy‚ utilitarianism can be a useful tool
Free Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill
behave. The problems arise when the time comes to punish a criminal. There are disagreements over the severity of a crime‚ the mentality of the criminal‚ and the correct penalty that should result from that crime among other things. Kant and the Utilitarian perspective on crime and punishment do not coincide. Both philosophical viewpoints seem convincing in their own right‚ but not without flaws. One is simply the better way to reason through the issue at hand as it relates to society as a whole.
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beginning of the series were utilitarian due to his view of Cylons as lifeless objects. However‚ his reasoning becomes difficult to determine as he develops a love for crew members that reveal their Cylon identities. In this essay I will briefly explain Utilitarianism as understood from philosophers such as Bentham and Peter Singer. Secondly‚ I will introduce William Adama and the crew aboard the Galactica. Lastly and most importantly‚ I will provide examples of Adama’s utilitarian actions throughout the
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