1s22s22p63s1. When sodium atoms come together‚ the electron in the 3s atomic orbital of one sodium atom shares space with the corresponding electron on a neighbouring atom to form a molecular orbital - in much the same sort of way that a covalent bond is formed.The difference‚ however‚ is that each sodium atom is being touched by eight other sodium atoms - and the sharing occurs between the central atom and the 3s orbitals on all of the eight other atoms. And each of these eight is in turn being touched
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CHAPTER-23 HW. Rahaf AlBathi 121114 Question 1 The electron configuration of a Ni2+ ion is: | A) [Ar]4s23d8 | | B) [Ar]4s23d6 | | C) [Ar]3d8 | | D) [Ar]3d6 | Question 2 The Fe3+ ion has _____ electrons in 3d orbitals. | A) 6 | | B) 5 | | C) 4 | | D) 3 | | E) 2 | Question 3 A ligand is: | A) a molecule or ion that has at least one lone pair of electrons | | B) a nucleophile | | C) a Lewis base | | D) part of a coordination compound |
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Chemistry (Chapter 4-9‚ 12) *Ionic compounds have relatively high melting temperatures. *Know about polar bonds‚ nonpolar bonds‚ avogadro’s number‚ and calculating the atomic mass (unit?) * Chapter 4: Basically about theories of atoms and the atom itself 4-1: Theories The Greeks believed that all matter was composed of earth‚ fire‚ air and water. Democritus: the first person to propose the idea of atoms (that matter was not infinitely divisible): atomos. “Atoms are solid‚ homogenous
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Master iit academy 2nd Floor‚ Samsung Plaza‚ Near Benz Circle‚ VIJAYAWADA PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (1) Shielding constant σ for Ne is 4.15 and the effective nuclear charge on Na+ and F- are respectively (A) 4.85 6.85 (B) 5.85 6.85 (C) 6.85 4.85 (D) 4.85 4.85 (2) Electron gain enthalpy and ionization energy of an atom are –a and +b eV respectively. The electronegativity of that atom on Mulliken scale is given by (A) a – b (B) (b – a )/2 (C) a + b (D) (a + b)/2 (3)
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CHM151LL Laboratory Report Form Fall 2011 Title: Project 5: SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A PENNY Date Run: 04/03/2012 Date Submitted: 04/15/2012 Grade: _____________________ Objectives: The purpose of this experiment is to use spectrophotometry to determine the percentage of copper in a copper-clad penny‚ and to determine the thickness of copper layer on the copper-clad penny. Introduction: In the spectrophotometric analysis of a penny lab‚ we will be conducting three
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Aim The aim of this investigation is to determine the formula of the complex ion formed from copper (II) ions and ammonia through colorimetry. Results Raw Data Table 1: The Effect of CuSO4:NH3 Volume Ratio (cm³) (±0.05) on Absorbance (±0.01) Independent Variable: Volume (cm³) (±0.05) CuSO4 NH3 0.00 0.00 1.00 9.00 1.50 8.50 2.00 8.00 2.50 7.50 3.00 7.00 4.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 Dependent Variable: Absorbance (±0.01) Trial 1 0.00 0.14 0.22 0.23 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.07
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‘blending’ of atomic orbitals to accommodate the spatial requirements in a molecule is known as hybridization. Hybridization occurs to minimize electron pair repulsions when atoms are brought together to form molecules. Possible hybridization schemes: 2nd row elements: sp sp2 sp3 3rd row elements also have: dsp3 d2sp3 Each of these hybridzation schemes corresponds to one of the five fundamental VSEPR geometries. Bonding arises from the overlap of orbitals. Sigma (σ) bonds arise
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(metals) don’t hold valence electrons tightly valence electron orbitals are diffuse (large distances away from nucleus) Atoms with high e.n. (nonmetals) hold valence electrons tightly valence electron orbitals are less diffuse (smaller) When atoms interact together‚ their valence orbitals “overlap” to form bonds. Metals: Weak Covalent Bonds (Metallic Bonding) Atomic orbitals mix to form a continuous band of orbitals that are very close in energy valence band Low electronegativity
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Topic: Atomic Orbitals 1. A) B) C) D) E) In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane) is: a place where Ψ is negative. a place where Ψ is positive. a place where Ψ = 0. a place where Ψ2 is large. a place where Ψ2 is negative. Ans: C Topic: Atomic Orbitals‚ Molecular Orbitals 2. When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule‚ how many molecular orbitals are formed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans: B Topic: Atomic Orbitals 3. Which principle(s)
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Alkenes contain three sp2 orbitals which repel each other into a planar arrangement‚ the 2p orbital then lies at right angles to them. Covalent bonds are formed by the overlap of the orbitals. An sp2 orbital from each carbon‚ overlaps to form a single carbon-carbon bond. The resulting bond is called a sigma (σ) bond. The two 2p orbitals also overlap to form a second bond. This bond is known as a PI (π) bond. s orbitals in hydrogen then overlap with the sp2 orbitals in carbon to form C-H bonds
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