This study is a replication of a study by Loftus and Palmer in 1974. The aim of the study is to test the effect of leading questions in eyewitness testimonies and how reliable the account of the witness is. The experiment uses two groups which receive two different verbs‚ ‘smashed’ and ‘contacted’. The method consists of an independent measure design. The independent variables are the way the words are phrased in the questions‚ while the dependent variable is the estimation made by the participants
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Outline and evaluate the effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony AO1 AO2 Yerkes Dodson law – states that there is an optimum level of anxiety for accurate eyewitness testimony. I.e. People who are not at all stressed‚ and people who are very stressed will be less accurate eyewitnesses that those who are under a moderate amount of stress. Loftus carried out a study of the ‘Weapon effect’. She set up two conditions of the experiment. In both conditions‚ participants heard a discussion in the
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Reliability of Eyewitness Testimonies Based on Memory Memory most of the time is on the debate of its reliability‚ especially within the jury system and on eyewitness testimonies. The significance of eyewitness testimonies cannot be ignored‚ plus this plays as a crucial role in accusing the true culprit. Nevertheless‚ there are many innocent individuals‚ because of this‚ have to stay in prison for things that they have never done. Based on memory‚ there is no certain confidence that the testimonies describing
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Eyewitness Memory is Unreliable Marc Green Introduction Eyewitness identifications greatly sway both police and juries. As the Thomson example illustrates‚ an eyewitness identification can even outweigh a strong alibi supported by other testimony. This is sometimes unfortunate because eyewitness memory is highly fallible. Memory errors fall into two classes: people can 1) either completely fail to recall an event or 2) have an inaccurate recollection. People have very different attitudes about
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One study of eyewitness testimony (EWT) was by Loftus and Palmer. Their aim was to see whether asking leading questions had any effect on recall. The method used was a laboratory experiment and had two parts to it. The first was showing participants (Ppts) 7 films of car accidents. Participants were then asked questions‚ including “How fast were the cars travelling when they **** each other?” The asterisks were then replaced with a different verb‚ including “smashed” and “hit.” The second part
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Eyewitness testimony refers to people giving evidence to a crime or accident‚ on the basis of recalling sensory information that they have witnessed. It is important to the law and police to gather information about an investigative incident from people’s recollection of events to try to create an understanding of what took place. Elizabeth Loftus conducted many studies in relation to eyewitness testimony to find out the validity‚ reliability or lack of‚ when considering the evidence brought forward
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reasons why the reliability of eyewitness testimony in the United States judicial system today is all but flawed. There is only one way a witness can identify a suspect who has committed a crime‚ and it is called face to face recognition. Just getting a glimpse‚ bad weather‚ and bad lighting can hinder what a person can truly see. There have been several accounts of individuals that have been convicted‚ imprisoned‚ and put to death off of flawed testimonies by an eyewitness. In this I will attempt to
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Loftus‚ G.R. & Loftus‚ E.F. (1976) Hillsdale‚ NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Japanese edition: University of Tokyo Press. Cognitive Processes. Bourne‚ L.E.‚ Dominowski‚ R. L.‚ & Loftus‚ E.F. (1979). Englewood Cliffs‚ NJ: Prentice-Hall. Eyewitness Testimony. Loftus‚ E.F. (1979). Cambridge‚ MA: Harvard University Press.(National Media Award‚ Distinguished Contribution‚ 1980). (Reissued with new Preface in 1996). Japanese edition: Seishin Shobo‚ Tokyo. Memory. Loftus‚ E.F. (1980). Reading‚ MA:
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a part of‚ a criminal offense. Recent studies have shown‚ however‚ that eyewitness testimony may not be as reliable as it was long thought to be. In fact‚ eyewitnesses commonly misidentify people and misremember events. As a result‚ many have been falsely convicted of serious crimes‚ including robbery‚ assault and murder. The Innocence Project reports that 70 percent of convictions‚ which were eventually overturned based on DNA testing‚ involved eyewitness misidentifications.
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Q. Discuss the factors that influence eyewitness recall‚ and evaluate the evidence behind these theories. In this assignment I aim to discuss the factors that influence eyewitness testimony and to evaluate whether it is reliable or not. I’ll be explaining a short introduction into what eye witness recall is. At the end of the assignment a conclusion to what I’ve learnt and the overall view of eyewitness recall. INTRODUCTION. Eyewitness testimony is a legal term‚ it is a statement given
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