Byron & Clore (1970) to explain the formation of romantic relationships‚ based on the principles of behavioral psychology. According to the theory‚ people form relationships with those who are most rewarding/ satisfying to be with which happens through conditioning. The elements of Skinner’s operant conditioning proposes that we repeat behaviors with positive outcomes (rewards) and avoid those with negative outcomes (punishments). Relationships positively reinforce by our partner satisfying our needs/rewarding
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Outline and evaluate biological therapies as treatments of depression. There many forms of treatment to cure depression‚ many of which are biological. These target the physical and chemical side of the body. Anti-depressants and other drugs are the most common forms of treating depression. They work by boosting levels of insufficient neurotransmitters such as serotonin and nor-adrenaline. They will either reduce the amount of re-absorption or block the enzyme that is trying to break down neurotransmitters
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“Outline and evaluate research into one or more biological rhythms” [research = theories and studies] There are three main biological rhythms‚ which are called infradian‚ circadian and ultradian. Ultradian rhythms occur multiple times in one day. Circadian rhythms are cycles‚ which occur once a day‚ so within the 24 hours such as the sleep-wake cycle. Infradian rhythms are less frequent once in a day such as the menstrual cycle or hibernation. The research into these rhythms offers an insight
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The behavioural model suggest that all behaviours – including abnormality – is learnt. It suggests that we have very few innate characteristics that we are born with. According to the behavioural model there are three ways in which we learn‚ these include classical + operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning is learning by associated‚ this is when we create a new stimulus response link by associating one stimulus to a response. For example little albert was conditioned
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Asch carried out an experiment in 1951 to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. Asch used a lab experiment‚ where 50 male students from a college in the USA participated in a ‘vision test’. Using a line judgement test‚ one of the more naïve participants was put in a room with 7 confederates. The confederates had agreed in advance what their responses would be involving the line task. The real participant didn’t know this‚ and was led
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In 1973‚ Zimbardo carried out an experiment to investigate how readily people would conform to new roles by observing how quickly people would adopt the roles of a guard or prisoner in a simulated prison. Zimbardo took healthy male volunteers and pain them $15 per day to take part in the two-week simulation study of prison life. Volunteers were randomly chosen to be either guards or prisoners. Local police helped “arrest” 9 prisoners at their homes without warning; they were then taken and blindfolded
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Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they called the working memory model. The working memory model consists of four components. The central executive which controls and co-ordinates the operation of two subsystems‚ the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. The central executive controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components‚ it can briefly store information‚ but has a limited capacity. The phonological loop consists
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Outline and Evaluate the Main Psychological Explanations of Forgetting in both the Short and Long Term Memory Psychologists study memory because it is important to understand how a person remembers‚ how they forget‚ and whether memory is reliable source of past information; this research is particularly important in the case of eyewitness testimonies. Memory is the process whereby a person holds on to information they have experienced. Psychologists categorise memory into 3 processes; encoding
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Effective Communication and Professional Relationships with Children‚ Young People and Adults Sarah Haycock-Lewandowski 17/03/2012 A key element of the role of any member of support staff in a school or other education environment‚ is communication‚ both with children and adults. Whilst it is important for children to learn cognitive skills‚ it is equally important that they also learn skills that will allow them to function effectively in society. A significant proportion of the latter can
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Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the “psyche” (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche - which is made up of the (id‚ ego and superego)‚ should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person. It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind
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