Humans sleep in order to rest muscles in the body‚ improve brain function‚ regulate moods and emotions‚ maintain immune system function‚ enhance learning‚ consolidate memory‚ and clear the brain of metabolic waste. During the night‚ the human body cycles though four stages of NREM sleep and REM sleep‚ each cycle lasting about ninety minutes. Throughout the four stages of NREM sleep‚ which typically last fifty to seventy minutes‚ brain activity slows and long delta brain waves increase. The rest of
Premium Sleep
Restorative justice is a framework for juvenile justice reform that seeks to engage victims‚ offenders and their families‚ other citizens‚ and community groups both as clients of juvenile justice services and as resources in an effective response to youth crime. It focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders‚ as well as the involved community‚ instead of satisfying abstract legal principles or punishing the offender. Victims take an active role in the process‚ while offenders are encouraged
Premium Criminology Restorative justice Crime
Outline and evaluate research into institutional aggression deindividuation include being in a large crowd‚ anonymity due to wearing a uniform and altered consciousness due to drugs or alcohol. Deindividuation leads to reduced inner restraints and therefore an increase in behaviours that are usually inhibited and also reduces the fear of negative evaluation from others. This leads to an increase in aggressive behaviours. Recent changes to this theory focus on the importance of private self-awareness
Premium
Outline and Evaluate the Behavioural Approach to Psychopathology The behavioural model concentrates only on behaviours and the responses a person makes to their environment‚ these can be external or internal. Behaviourists have tended to focus their attention on the role of external events and behaviours as these are more observable and therefore make gaining results easier. This means that not all aspects of abnormality are considered‚ a weakness of the approach as it is selective in its research
Premium
There are many different theories when it comes to motivating people. One theory by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1917) put forward the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His Theory was that workers do not naturally enjoy work and so they would need close supervision and control. Elton Mayo (1880 – 1949) believed that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better motivated by having their social needs met at work. Mayo introduced the Human Relation School of thought
Premium Maslow's hierarchy of needs Psychology Motivation
psychologist Abraham Maslow’s theory of human needs each step must be satisfied before you go to the next stage. The island provided plenty of food and water‚ satisfying their basic needs of stage one. The stranded schoolboys tried to find security by finding a way to make fire. Gradually they began to develop some rules and leaders. At an assembly only the person holding the conch could speak. As their physical needs had been fulfilled they began to form groups. According to the theory this is stage three
Premium English-language films Psychology Sociology
its universal nature‚ there are large individual differences such as the length of time and the age the menstrual cycle begins. Reinberg conducted research into infradian rhythms where a woman spent 3 months in a cave only with dim lighting. Her sleep/wake cycle slightly lengthened whereas her menstrual cycle shortened suggesting that light affects menstrual cycles. However‚ this is a case study which means it lacks generalisability even more so as there are large individual differences with the
Premium Menstrual cycle
Outline and evaluate one or more social psychological theories of aggression (8+16 marks) One social psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s social learning theory‚ in which he combines both social and cognitive psychology in his social cognitive perspective of human behaviour. Bandura believed that behaviour was not only motivated by psychological factors but also by more socio-environmental factors. He argued that the individual and the environment were linked‚ something which he called
Premium Psychology Sociology Albert Bandura
Indians. It was these studies which led Erikson to believe that Freud misjudged some important dimensions of human development. Throughout this essay‚ Erikson’s psychosocial model will be explored‚ discussed and evaluated interms of it’s concepts‚ theories and assumptions. The theoretical underpinning will be discussed with reference to the nature versus nurture debate and also the continuity versus discontinuity argument. It will then be shown how Erikson has influenced the way psychologists view
Premium Developmental psychology Erik Erikson Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Outline and Evaluate Research into the Relationship between the Immune System and Stress Related Illness There is evidence to suggest acute stressors can cause suppression of the immune system and decrease immune cell functioning. The study by Kiecolt-Glaser et al. (1984) investigated whether the stress of taking exams caused a change in the amount of white blood cells in the blood. Kiecolt-Glaser studied 49 male and 26 female first year medical students at the Ohio State University College
Premium Immune system Psychology Medicine