Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities The Mole General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. 1 Collection Terms A collection term states a specific number of items. 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets 1 case = 24 cans General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry 2 A Mole of Atoms A mole is a collection that contains the same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.0 g of carbon 12C 6.02 x 1023 atoms of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success of this investigatory project is directly related to the contributions of the ever supportive persons in my aura: To my friends who were there to cheer me up in time of doing this investigatory project‚ “Thank you so much!” To my parents who help me in providing significant material contributions‚ “Thank you and I love you so much!” To my adviser‚ Analiza R. Barcarse for her exquisite attention in guiding me‚ “Thank you‚ Ma’am!” To Ms. Estrella B. Acosta‚ the Science
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Introduction An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils‚ ethereal oils or aetherolea‚ or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted‚ such as oil of clove. Volatile oils are the odorous and volatile products of various plant and animal species. As they have a tendency to undergo evaporation on being exposed to the air even at an ambient temperature‚ they are invariably termed
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re-dox process – there is oxidation # changes with specific elements. Oxidation# increases = oxidation; Oxidation # decreases = reduction. Oxidation and reduction always happen within the same reaction. 2. Separate into 2 half-reactions. One show oxidation and the other reduction. 3. Balance the half equations for mass – only for the key elements at this time. 4. Balance the half equations for charge – adding e’s. * Find change of the oxidation number of a specific
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an oxidation- reduction reaction. • To determine the concentration of an unknown sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) solution by titrating it against standardized potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4). • To determine the percent by mass of Fe(II) in the form of ferrous ammonium sulfate Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O in a mixture by redox titration. B. Theory: (electron transfer reactions) 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s) 2Mg 2Mg2+ + 4e- O2 + 4e- 2O2- Oxidation half-reaction
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Oxidative System • ATP yield: depends on substrate – 32 to 33 ATP/1 glucose – 100+ ATP/1 FFA • Duration: steady supply for hours • Most complex of three bioenergetic systems • Occurs in the mitochondria‚ not cytoplasm 4 Oxidation of Carbohydrate • Stage 1: Glycolysis • Stage 2: Krebs cycle • Stage 3: Electron transport chain Figure
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90696 906960 For Supervisor’s use only 3 Level 3 Chemistry‚ 2008 90696 Describe oxidation-reduction processes Credits: Three 9.30 am Friday 28 November 2008 Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page. You should answer ALL the questions in this booklet. A periodic table is provided on the Resource Sheet L3–CHEMR. If you need more space for any answer‚ use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
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responsible for the sense of smell. The cavity of the nose is lined with mucous membranes that have smell receptors connected to the olfactory nerve. Fun Fact: *The smell receptors are sensitive to seven types of sensations that can be characterized as camphor‚ musk‚ flower‚ mint‚ ether‚ acrid‚ or putrid. 3.) Tongue -The receptors for taste‚ called taste buds‚ are situated chiefly in the tongue‚ but they are also located in the roof of the mouth and near the pharynx. They are able to detect four basic
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Black Death in the middle ages. Very few work‚ as no one knew that the majority of the plague was transmitted by fleas. People burned a great number of things to ward of the plague. They included juniper‚ laurel‚ pine‚ beech‚ lemon leaves‚ rosemary‚ camphor and sulfur. Church bells were rung at all times‚ as were cannons fired. Medieval people bought charms and spells and syrups from traveling salesmen who guaranteed that their cures would work. Some who could afford it wore long leather cloaks with
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or polyatomic. The simplest compounds to name are binary ionic compounds‚ for example NaCl‚ which is named Sodium Chloride. Na having a positive oxidation number goes first followed by Cl which having a negative oxidation number goes last and is changed from Chlorine to chloride the -ide indicating its negative charge. Of course‚ the
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