Megan Entwistle‚ Maria Amos‚ and Paul Golubic CHEM 0330 Organic Lab 1 Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone 11/16/11 Introduction Redox (shorthand for REDuction-OXidation) reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of atoms has changed. Oxidation can be observed through the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by an atom‚ ion or molecule. Reduction describes the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state
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EXPERIMENT I Photoreduction of Benzophenone Introduction The study of chemical reactions‚ isomerizations and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light is called Photochemistry. The fundamental principles for understanding photochemical transformations are that light must be absorbed by a compound in order for a photochemical reaction to take place‚ and that for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system only one molecule is activated for
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Abstract In this experiment it is aimed to synthesize benzopinacol through photochemical reaction of benzophenone and‚ benzopinacolone via acid-catalyzed rearrangement of benzopinacol. In this experiment‚ mixture of benzophenone‚ isopropyl alcohol and a drop of glacial acetic acid was exposed to sunlight which in turn‚ undergone photochemical reaction. In this reaction‚ molecules of benzophenone was brought to n((* triplet state where it possibly abstracted hydrogen from isopropyl alcohol and through
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0 PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA) (Estted. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India) FACULTY OF SCIENCE SYLLABI FOR M.Sc. (TWO YEAR COURSE ) IN CHEMISTRY 1st & 2nd YEAR( Semester System) EXAMINATIONS 2013-2014 --:O:-- 1 OUTLINES OF TESTS‚ SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR M.Sc. FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER-I) EXAMINATION OF 2013 OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining
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Tue Cis-1‚2‚3‚6-tetrahydro-4‚5-dimethylphthalic anhydride (Diels-alder reaction) (Expt 2) Sep 30 Tue Photochemical Reaction and Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement: Cycloaddition reactions (Expt.3‚ Part A) and Michael Addition (Expt 4‚ part A) Oct 7 Tue Michael Addition (Expt 4‚ part B) Oct 14 Tue Photochemical Reaction and Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement: Cycloaddition reactions (Expt.3‚ Part B) Oct 21 Tue Purification of products and obtain spectrum for samples Organic Chemistry II Laboratory (ABCT357
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List of Chemistry Terms used in daily life α (alpha)‚ β (beta) α- (β-‚ γ-) ray spectrometer α-addition (alpha-addition) α-cleavage (alpha-cleavage) α-decay (alpha-decay) α-effect α-elimination α-expulsion in photochemistry α-oxo carbenes α-particle (alpha-particle) ’A’ value -factorquantity ab initio quantum mechanical methods abatement in atmospheric chemistry abeo- abiological abiotic abiotic transformation absolute activation analysis absolute activity‚ quantity absolute
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insoluble‚ or partially soluble. Organic Compound Benzophenone Water Methyl Alcohol Hexane Malonic acid Biphenyl 2. Considering the polarities of the compound and the solvent and the potential for hydrogen bonding‚ answer the following: a) There should be a difference in your results between the solubilities of biphenyl and benzophenone in methyl alcohol. What explains this difference? A. B. C. D. Biphenyl has two rings Benzophenone is more polar than biphenyl Biphenyl can form hydrogen
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notebook the experiment is explained in full details which will specify that there were no changes made to the experiment. Calculations: Theoretical Yields: 1.094g benzophenone * (1 mol benzophenone/ 182.22 g benzophenone) = 0.006003732 mol benzophenone 0.006003732 mol benzophenone * (1 mol triphenylmethanol/1 mol benzophenone) * (260.33 g triphenylmethanol/ 1 mol triphenylmethanol) = 1.562951552 g triphenylmethanol 0.681 g triphenylmethanol/ 1.562 g triphenylmethanol = 0.435 Percent yield
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D of the experiment will be looking at solubility as well‚ the solubility of organic acids and bases. Part A Benzophenone Test Tube Number | Grams of Benzophenone Used (≈0.0400g) | Soluble‚ Insoluble‚ or Partially Soluble? | #1 (1mL of H2O) | 0.0406g | Insoluble | #2 (1mL of Ethyl Alcohol) | 0.0402g | Soluble | #3 (1mL of Hexane) | 0.0406g | Soluble | Although benzophenone has the ability to form two hydrogen bonds from the two lone pair electrons on the oxygen of the carbonyl group
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the field of photochemistry and issues of funding and trained scientists. Exploitation of laboratory research was discussed by Professor Sir Richard Friend of Cambridge University‚ and new developments in solar cell technology were presented by Professor Michael Grätzel‚ from the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. Finally‚ how nature produces energy from sunlight and what mankind needs to do to emulate this‚ was discussed by Professor Jim Barber of Imperial College. Photochemistry: a beginning
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