Every cell‚ whether it belongs to a plant‚ bacteria or a human‚ requires energy from varying food sources to survive. However‚ when cells break down food into its sugar components‚ i.e glucose‚ they cannot use the components directly because glucose holds a lot of energy it would be inefficient to use for reactions that don’t need a lot of energy. Imagine you want to buy pencils for $5 from a store that won’t give change‚ it is more economical to use a $5 or $10 bill than a $100‚ that way there is
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enzyme but are temporarily bound for the duration of the reaction and then move away once it is completed. One example of this is NAD‚ which transfers hydrogen away from one molecule to become reduced NADH+. This occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in animals‚ whilst also in the light dependant and light independent reactions in plants. Temperature effects enzyme activity. Increasing the heat gives molecules more kinetic energy so they move around faster. This means
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Mechanisms of Acetaminophen-lnduced Liver Necrosis By Jack A. Hinson‚ Dean W. Roberts‚ and Laura P. James Acetaminophen (paracetamol‚ N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) is widely used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. At therapeutic doses‚ acetaminophen is safe to be used. Acetaminophen other than aspirin and ibuprofen has only weak anti-inflammatory properties. At higher doses‚ acetaminophen produces a centrilobular hepatic necrosis that can be fatal. Acetaminophen-lnduced Hepatotoxicity Observation/
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know the elements of life – and how the reduction and oxidative of some of these drive bioenergetics oxidize carbon (i.e. glucose source) and reduce oxygen (electron acceptor) (CHNOPS) and iron (Fe; trace element; Fe also important to obtain cellular energy). Nutrition: CHNOPS Trace Elements: Iron (Fe)‚ Ni‚ Mg‚ Mo‚ Mn‚ Ca (important in humans due to osteoblastic activity)‚ Co Occupancy: beat out others for a spot to live‚ e.g. microbiota (normal flora) Resistance: defend against microbes‚ eukaryotes
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Examining the activity rate using DCIP and a spectrophotometer of succinate dehydrogenase isolated from Brassica oleracea mitochondria via mechanical disruption and differential centrifugation Introduction Mitochondria are important cellular organelles located in the cytosol of cells and is believed to have originated through an endosymbiotic relationship. The unique double layered membrane structure is responsible for the production of the primary energy currency of the cell; adenosine triphosphate
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nutrients oxygen and glucose via the blood stream. Oxygen is need for aerobic respiration to occur. The Cardiovascular System The function of the respiratory system is to remove carbon dioxide and water from the body‚ also to maintain an oxygen to supply to each of the cells. In the respiratory system there is internal and external respiration. The internal respiration is carried out in the body cells whereas external respiration consists of blood transport‚ breathing and gaseous exchange. The respiratory
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152-35 Professor Weller 14 February 2012 Effects of Temperature on Goldfish Respiration Introduction This experiment was designed to identify the effect of cold-water temperatures on the respiration rate of goldfish. The respiration rates helped to identify the goldfish as being ectotherms or endotherms. Organisms exchange gases with their environment through a process called respiration or breathing. Aerobic respiration‚ also known as aerobic metabolism‚ occurs when oxygen is taken into the body
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p IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DU DIPLÔME DU BI PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI Biology Higher level and standard level Specimen paper 1s‚ 2s and 3s For first examinations in 2009 http://www.xtremepapers.net CONTENTS Biology higher level paper 1 specimen paper Biology higher level paper 1 specimen markscheme Biology higher level paper 2 specimen paper Biology higher level paper 2 specimen markscheme Biology higher level paper 3 specimen paper Biology higher level paper 3 specimen markscheme
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assisted by enzymes and requiring energy 8. Diffusion act of diffusing; state of being diffused. The reflection or refraction of radiation such as light or sound by an irregular surface‚ tending to scatter it in many directions. 9. Cell energy Cellular respiration‚ also known as ’oxidative metabolism’‚ is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy 10. Diffusion act of diffusing; state of being diffused 11. Chemical processes any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and
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In experiment one‚ involving the rate of respiration of germinated peas when exposed to a variety of different temperatures. From a general standpoint the data collected matched the hypothesis formed‚ as the temperature increases the rate of respiration will increase as well. This was shown as the average ppm of oxygen was taken from each group. Comparing the data from the class is shows the effect of human error on the results. For example group #4 seemed to have back wards results this may
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