temperate and successful‚ and also self-fulfillment. A virtuous person naturally behaves in a right way for the right reason and also feels satisfied in doing what is right. There are three prominent types of life—the one that identifies good with pleasure‚ good with the political life‚ and good with the contemplative
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to be found in any manner‚ then there must not be any pain present. This holds true so long as pain and pleasure are polar opposites. In Epicurus’ “Letter to Menoeceus‚” he states that‚ “Wherever pleasure is present‚ for however long a time‚ there can be no pain or grief‚ or both at once.”1 In addition‚ the journey of a good life is based on what is morally sound‚ and this includes pleasures as well. The question that arises then‚ is why do we need a moral life necessary to have happiness emerge
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Most data on happiness comes from social surveys. Positive emotions are linked strongly with overall life satisfaction. Brain mechanics in fundamental pleasures (food and sexual pleasures) and high-orders pleasures (monetary‚ artistic‚ and transcendent pleasure) overlap each other. All pleasures seem to involve the same brain systems. Pleasures are important to happiness‚ such as socializing with friends or being happy in the workplace (Kringlebach‚ Berridge 665). Serotonin and dopamine are two
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Utilitarianism brought together a lot of ways of thinking that were out there at the time of Mills‚ but no one sort of gave it a name. I believe Mills makes some improvements on utilitarianism; Shifting the wave of quantitate which is calculating pleasure and pains on an even basis‚ somewhat like a balance sheet‚ to qualitative. He’s in fact saying utilitarianism can address any of the things that are right in other moral theories‚ but we also have more. For an example that does not do this very well
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Socrates and Plato used critical and analytical thinking patterns in their philosophical quest for knowledge. The questioning of why and how or critical and analytical thinking are the foundations of their beliefs. Plato was the student and Socrates the teacher. Socrates believed that reasoning could give meaning to the what‚ how and why of moral judgment and Plato believed this type of reasoning would give understanding to “the perfect Goodness” (pg. 17). Plato believed that this kind of thinking
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We all want to be happy but how do we to find eternal happiness? Happiness has been the question to many that are unable to answer based on their own opinions. Aristotle states‚ “Happiness depends on ourselves” (Pursuit of Happiness). He makes many points as to what happiness is. He says that happiness is the ultimate end and purpose of human existence‚ it is the exercise of virtue‚ it is the perfection of human nature‚ it depends on our character‚ and it requires intellectual contemplation. True
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In “The Experience Machine‚” Robert Nozrick (1974) presents a fascinating argument against hedonism. According to the hedonist‚ the only intrinsic good thing is pleasure‚ and the only intrinsic bad thing is pain. Thus‚ if one does something that doesn’t give them pleasure‚ or enable them to avoid pain‚ then the hedonist would argue that it doesn’t seem as though that thing is good for you. Norzick disagrees vehemently with this view. He argues that the good life isn’t solely dependent on the quality
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receive them and they are made perfect by habit” (Nicomanchean Ethics I‚ xiii.1103a23-25) it is in this that he states that it is in our nature to pick things up by habit making it in our ability to become morally virtuous in the understanding of pleasures and pain. With this understanding of moral virtue‚ it has made the understanding of what temperance and continence possible for they are a part of moral virtue. To begin with‚ there are two important pieces of information that must be acknowledged;
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immaterial soul‚ and he said that the gods have no influence on our lives. Epicurus also thought skepticism was untenable‚ and that we could gain knowledge of the world relying upon the senses. He taught that the point of all one’s actions was to attain pleasure (conceived of as tranquility) for oneself‚ and that this could be done by limiting one’s desires and by banishing the fear of the gods and of death. Epicurus’ gospel of freedom from fear proved to be quite popular‚ and communities of Epicureans flourished
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Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. I will begin by covering Kant perspective of rational beings and his idea of a priori learning. I will then move on to his idea of categorical imparaitive. After Kant I will discuss Mill’s utilitarian theory regarding pleasure and pain. With a better understanding of those I will move to Mill’s idea of a posteriori and hypothetical imperative. Following the ideas of these philosophers I will attempt to depict their viewpoints of the issue of animal cruelty through experimentation
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