the virtue of action. The principle that utilitarianism use in making moral decisions is a form of moral hedonism; that people should seek pleasure and avoid pain. Utilitarianism seeks to produce the greatest good for the greatest number. But‚ the problem is in determining what the greatest good is. Utilitarian define the “good” as good is what equates pleasure and reduces pain or what is contusive to the happiness of the largest number of people. Utilitarian’s think that human beings have a pre-existing
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different types of friendship. “By friendship (philia) Aristotle typically means the mutually acknowledged and reciprocal relation of good will and affection that exists among individuals who share an interest in each other on the basis of virtue‚ pleasure and utility.” (Sherman‚ 1987) In my opinion Aristotle’s friendship of virtue is the most respectful relationship of every mankind. I will first explain Aristotle’s two different types of friendship: incomplete and complete friendship. Second‚ I
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categories: utility‚ friendship of pleasure‚ and a virtuous friendship. When two people realizes that the other person has a good character‚ and spends time with one another‚ engaging in the same activities that illustrates
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The idea of free will‚ the ability to make choices‚ is fundamental to Judaism. The traditional Jewish conception of human nature includes a belief that human beings are/were created in the image of God. Judaism views that all human beings neutral‚ unlike some other philosophers like St. Augustine who think humankind started from sin. The concept of “original sin” is not applicable in this case. It has a belief that every person can choose between good and evil. The moral conscience that reminds a
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Throughout history philosophers and scholars have widely debated the theory of comedy and laughter‚ the types of laughter and the reasons why we laugh. In his essay “Ontological Laughter: Comedy as Experimental Possibility Space” Timothy Morton‚ discusses his views on laughter and states that “comedy is the genre closes to the ontological structure of how things are” (332). Morton begins by proposing that “a thing is exactly what it is‚ yet never exactly as it appears” (Morton 322-323)‚ therefore
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Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious‚ complete and of a certain magnitude." (Aristotle). Examine the statement critically and substantiate your answer with the examples from any two of the plays you have read." ‘The Poetics The Poetics is chiefly concerned with Tragedy which is regarded as the highest poetic form. In it the theory of tragedy is worked out so admirably‚ with such insight and comprehension‚ that ‘it becomes the type of the theory of literature’ (Abercrombie). Aristotle
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etc.). These basic stipulations are that mimesis is fundamental to our nature as human beings‚ that human beings are the most imitative of all creatures‚ that first learning experiences take place through mimesis‚ and that all human beings take pleasure in mimesis because all find "learning and
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Ethics is a branch of philosophy that seeks to discover the most fundamental levels regarding the true nature of “good” and “happiness.” Within Ethics‚ there are several different sub-branches including those which will be discussed here: Aristotle’s Teleology and Epicurus’ Hedonism. Nichomachean Ethics by Aristotle and Letter to Monoeceus by Epicurus provide us with two different perspectives concerning what happiness is. The following comparisons between these works highlight some of the the similiraties
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appropriate. Bentham preached that ’an act is morally right if it produces the greatest balance of pleasure (happiness) over pain’ (Khan‚ 2002‚ online: www.jeromekahn123.tripod.com/utilitarianismtheethicaltheoryofalltimes/id4.html). He wrote a poem so as to make methods in decision making easy to remember; ’Intense‚ long‚ certain‚ speedy‚ fruitful‚ pure - Such marks in pleasures and in pains endure Such pleasures seek if private be they end If it be public‚ wide let them extend Such pains avoid‚ whatever
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In Hume part 3 of the Treatise of Human Nature‚ it starts with going to explain the direct passions that arise from pleasure or pain. Hume explains that motives bring us to action. He then talks about direct passions and perfunctory definition of the will as an impression we feel then he looks at the problem of free will and determinism. In the first section‚ he makes an argument for the idea of necessity. The problem is whether human action is determined by necessity with physical necessity
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