cause severely impair brain function. 8. AHydrocarbons Ahydrocarbons are commonly and naturally occurring organic compounds that consist entirely of the elements hydrogen and carbon. They consist of many different chemical subgroups such as aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes‚ alkanes‚ alkenes‚ and alkyne-based
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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Oil Characterization 1 Oil Characterization 1 © 2003 AspenTech. All Rights Reserved. EA1031.31.05 05 Oil Characterization.pdf 2 Oil Characterization Workshop The petroleum characterization method in HYSYS converts laboratory analyses of condensates‚ crude oils‚ petroleum cuts‚ and coal-tar liquids into a series of discrete hypothetical components. These petroleum hypo components provide the basis for the property package to predict the remaining thermodynamic and transport properties necessary
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recrystallized from ethanol‚ m.p. 155oC‚ 80% yield. Analysis calculated for C18H11Br2ClN4O2; Calcd.: %C‚ 42.34; H‚ 2.17; N‚ 10.97‚ Found: % C‚ 42.30; H‚ 2.14; N‚ 10.90. IR: υmax./cm-1 3000 (C-H aromatic)‚ 1610 (C=N) and at 1600 (C=C). 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6‚ ppm): δ 2.6 (s‚ 3H‚ CH3)‚ 5.4 (s‚ 2H‚ OCH2) and 7.5-8.2 (m‚ 6H‚ aromatic-H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6): 185‚ 164‚ 162‚ 150‚ 141‚ 135‚ 133‚ 129‚ 128‚ 124‚ 123‚ 121‚ 117‚ 72‚ 21. MS: m/z = 510 N’-(2-(6‚8-dibromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4-yloxy)acetyl)isonicotinohydrazide
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benzoate‚ concentrated HNO3‚ and concentrated H2SO4 via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The HNO3 and H2SO4 were combined to form a nitrating solution‚ which was mixed with a mixture of methyl benzoate and H2SO4. Percent yield for the final product was calculated followed by recrystallization and melting point was measured. Introduction: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate is one of the examples of Electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The use of a mixture of Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid
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Fats and Oils TCP FST4826 1 Vegetable oil • • • • • • • • • • TCP Coconut oil Corn oil Cottonseed oil Olive oil Palm kernel oil Palm oil Peanut oil Rapeseed oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil 1. Palm oil 2. Soybean oil 3. Rapeseed oil 4. Sunflower oil 5. Palm kernel oil 6. Cottonseed oil 7. Peanut oil 8. Coconut oil 9. Olive oil 10. Corn oil FST4826 2 WHAT IS A FAT? • Chemical units commonly called "triacylglycerols" • “Lipids" - triacylglycerols‚ mono- and diacylglycerols‚
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nitronium ion. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a method used when a functional group is needed to be substituted on to an aromatic compound. In the nitration‚ nitronium ion acts as the electrophile that involves the attack of the electron-rich benzene ring. Aromatic substitution is electrophilic‚ due to the high density in benzene ring. Benzene ring is one of the components in most important natural products and other useful products. The species reacting with the aromatic ring is usually a positive
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Ges.‚ 72‚ 1799 [cf. Kamneva and Pan"lova (1965)]. Fukuoka‚ Y.‚ & Nagahara‚ H. (1991). A new cyclohexanol process via cyclohexene from benzene‚ Preprints of symposium on alkylation‚ aromatization‚ Oligomerization and isomerization of short chain hydrocarbons over heterogeneous catalysts. Division of Petroleum Chemistry‚ Inc.‚ American Chemical Society 36 (4)‚ 821}824. Ishada‚ H.‚ & Ono‚ M. (1993). Preparation of high purity 1‚3-cyclohexadiene from cyclohexene‚ Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 07‚165‚622 [cf
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will reside favourably on the oxygen‚ which means that the electron density associated with the hydrogen is reduced which results in a high chemical shift. A chemical shift of this is only typical for alcohols or aldehydes attached directly to an aromatic ring‚ or nitrogen containing molecules of which is not applicable for the unknown molecule are there is no nitrogen in the molecular formula. From this peak the only possible functional group is an aldehyde as a ketone does not have a hydrogen to
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Preparation of 4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups
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