the more polar the bond. Partial negative charges are found on the most electronegative atoms‚ the others are partially positive. Review the polarity of functional groups. Non-Polar Side Chains: Side chains which have pure hydrocarbon alkyl groups (alkane branches) or aromatic (benzene rings) arenon-polar. Examples include valine‚ alanine‚ leucine‚ isoleucine‚ phenylalanine. The number of alkyl groups also influences the polarity. The more alkyl groups present‚ the more non-polar the amino acid
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Nitration of Methyl Benzoate to form Methyl-m-nitrobenzoate via Aromatic Substitution Linh Ngoc Thuy Nguyen Seattle Central Community College Professor: Dr. Esmaeel Naeemi Date: February 21st‚ 2012 Abstract In this experiment‚ methyl-m-nitrobenzoate‚ followed the electrophilic addition of aromatic ring‚ would be formed from the starting material methyl benzoate and nitric acid‚ under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid resulted
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5 Computational Virtual Screening Towards Designing Novel Anticancer Drugs Po-Yuan Chen1‚2 1Department of Biological Science and Technology‚ China Medical University‚ Taichung‚ Taiwan‚ 2Brain Research Centre‚ University of British Columbia‚ Vancouver‚ 1Republic of China 2Canada 1. Introduction Generally speaking‚ Docking is most popular and critical issue in this research field‚ because it contains most important information both Ligands (Drugs) and Receptors (it can be intracellular protein
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Thermochromism Thermochromism refers to the phenomenon of color changes by the agency of heat. Obviously‚ the color changes are made possible by the temperature-induced chemical or physical changes of materials incorporated into the inks. Sometimes‚ the color change occurring at a temperature is permanent‚ and at other times the original color can be regained on cooling. Accordingly‚ we have an irreversible or reversible thermochromic system. The required chemistry can be adopted based
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Amines are aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of ammonia. Amines‚ like ammonia‚ are weak bases (Kb = 10−4 to 10−6). This basicity is due to the unshared electron pair on the nitrogen atom. Classification and nomenclature of amines Amines are classified as primary‚ secondary‚ or tertiary based upon the number of carbon-containing groups that are attached to the nitrogen atom. Those amine compounds that have only one group attached to the nitrogen atom are primary‚ while those with two or three
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hydrotreat the naphtha before sending to a Catalytic Reformer unit. • Catalytic reformer unit is used to convert the naphtha-boiling range molecules into higher octane reformate (reformer product). The reformate has higher content of aromatics and cyclic hydrocarbons). An important byproduct of a reformer is hydrogen released during the catalyst reaction.
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Marketing environment scanning (SWOT‚ PEST analysis) 1. Marketing research 2. Buying behavior. Analysis of factors influencing to purchase decisions. 3. Market Segmentation. 4. Product Mix analysis 5. Strategic Planning Gas and oil industry in Kazakhstan SWOT Analysis | |
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CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Natural rubber is produced by over 2000 plants species and its main constituent is poly (cis-I‚4-isoprene).a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon. Since 1914 there have been efforts to investigate microbial rubber degradation: However‚ only recently have the first proteins involved in this process have been identified and characterized and have the corresponding genes cloned. Analysis of the degradation product of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers isolated from various
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3-perylenepentanol‚ M4 39‚ 51 To a solution of 3-perylenepent-4-ynol‚ M3 (0.32 g‚ 0.957 mmol) in THF (20 mL)‚ Pd/C (600 mg‚ 3 wt% on activated carbon) was added. Nitrogen gas was turned off‚ hydrogen gas balloons were used to supply H2 gas to the flask. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 h under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture and the Pd/C was removed by filtration. Solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 3-perylenepentanol as yellow solid
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strong. Hydrocarbons: Compounds of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are grouped mainly into two‚ * Saturated: Carbon compounds in which only one pair of electrons are shared between two carbon atoms. * Unsaturated: Carbon compounds in which more than one pair of electrons are shared between two carbon atoms. Based on the nature of the carbon chain they are grouped as‚ * Chain form * Branched form * Ring form Alkane‚ Alkene and Alkyne…….. Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons. Represented
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