1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ENZYMES THE ENZYMES SPEAK!! “We are the catalysts of the living world! Protein in nature and in action specific; rapid and accurate; huge in size but with small active centres; highly exploited for disease diagnosis in lab centres”. DEFINITION Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts synthesised by living cells. They are protein in nature (exception RNA acting as ribozyme) colloidal and thermo-labile in character and specific in their action. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In
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Mastering Concepts 2.1 1. Which chemical elements do organisms require in large amounts? Carbon‚ oxygen‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ sulfur‚ and phosphorus are the chemical elements that organisms require in large amounts. 2. Where in an atom are protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons located? An atom’s protons and neutrons are in its nucleus. A cloud of electrons surrounds the nucleus. 3. What does an element’s atomic number indicate? An atom’s atomic number indicates the number of protons in its nucleus
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glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscle tissue that can then act as an instant energy source when needed. It is stored in the cells in the form of granules in the cytoplasm. Glycogen is a polysaccharide (polymer) which alpha glucose is stored as. A polysaccharide is a long chain of monosaccharaides joined together by glysocidic bonds. Glysocidic bonds are covalent bonds that join a carbohydrate molecule to another group. These bonds are formed during a condensation reaction
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Present prospective: Latest literature in the area of natural pigments is divided based on their interest to five main potential topics: 1. The first topic is dealing with the chemical composition and the factors influencing that composition. 2. Second topic is concerned with increasing the yield of the pigment by searching the existing plant and microbial sources in addition to alternative microbial and plant sources. 3. The third topic is dealing with improving the stability and bioavailability
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1. Microbiology ⁃ M microscope ⁃ I independent unit ⁃ C comparatively less complex ⁃ R rapid rate of reproduction ⁃ O omnipresent ⁃ humans are living repositories of bacteria/microbes ⁃ borne sterile ⁃ microbe on all surface area of the body ⁃ sterile areas: eyes‚ brain‚ spinal cord‚ bones‚ kidney‚ internal organs ⁃ mutualistic relationship: we provide site and nutrient and microbes provide vitamin‚ aid in food digestion ⁃ division of microbial world ⁃ living component: organism
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agent forming furfural derivatives which interact with alpha-naphthol librating a violet layered compound Test | Molisch test | Objective | A general test for all carbohydrates. Monosaccharides give a rapid positive test. Disaccharides and polysaccharides react slower. | Principle involved | Dehydration of the carbohydrate by concentrated sulfuric acid to produce an aldehyde | Reagent | H2SO4 | Positive results | a purple-black layer/violet ring in the compound | Compound responsible |
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answers.com/Q/What_are_the_ingredients_of_milo#ixzz2htnp8PkG process of manufacturing First of all‚Milo is evaporated water content from the thick syrup in relief. Thick opaque syrup for wheat or barley malt‚ contains a number of mono -‚ di - and polysaccharide. Condensed milk and cocoa solids are added to the milk and chocolate to give it a content‚ it often is to strengthen the vitamins and minerals such as vitamin b12. In the process of evaporation‚ it looks a bit like a thick‚ light coffee. This
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Experiment #1: Carbohydrate Digestion • Tube 1 Digestion Lab – 3 ml water • Tube 2 – 3 ml 0.2% amylase • Tube 3 – 3 ml 0.2% amylase + 10 drops of 1.0M HCl • Tube 4 1 2 4 3 – 3 ml 0.2% amylase – place in hot water bath for 5 min Experiment #1: Carbohydrate Digestion • Add 5.0 ml starch solution to each tube • Incubate in 37°C bath for 1.5 hr • Divide contents of each tube evenly into 2 tubes – Lugol’s Test – Benedict’s Test Experiment #1: Carbohydrate
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Starch is a polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers joined in α 1‚4 linkages. Glucose compounds are joined together in a chain of molecules by a process of dehydration synthesis. Dehydration refers to the removal of that water molecule. Synthesis refers to the building or "putting together" process. Through this process‚ hydrogen (H) and hydroxide (OH) ends are removed and joined separately to make water. Multiple bonds of hundreds of glucose can form complex sugars and polysaccharides such as starch
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ketone 4. Glucose‚ fructose‚ galactose b. Disaccharides- Double sugar with 2 monomers joined together by a glycosidic linkage (covenant bond) 1. Maltose – 2 Glucose 2. Sucrose - Glucose & Fructose 3. Lactose - Glucose & Galctose c. Polysaccharides / Oligosaccharides – few sugars joined together 1. Starch in plants 2. Glycogen – vertebrates store this in muscles and
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