Struggle was based on authority between the papacy and the royal sovereignty of the monarch. The church also lost a great deal of their prestige when the cardinals had elected two popes‚ Pope Urban VI and Pope Clement VII. Soon after a third Pope joined the crowd in an effort to resolve the problem of the two first Popes‚ although this only caused more chaos. What were the major developments in art and literature in the fourteenth century? The most prominent
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4. Power Christianity Crusades- Christians believed strongly in their faith and felt the need to exercise it in every way possible. The Crusades were seen as a way to unite European Christians in a common cause. Pope Urban saw this as a chance to make the kings and noble vassals be submissive to him under his spiritual leadership The main issue at hand was 4. 4. 4. 4. whether or not a Holy War was the Christian task to undertake. Much discussion of the issue
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Chapter 14: Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church Homework The Great Schism: The Babylonian Captivity was the blasting fuse of the Great Schism. It was a period of division when the popes resided in Avignon‚ where there were three rival popes holding their own administrative offices and own followers. The schism weakened the religious faith of Christians‚ and discredited the Roman Catholic Church’s prestige. The Conciliar Movement was the outcome. Absenteeism: It was one of the Church
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King Henry VIII Henry VIII (born 1491‚ ruled 1509-1547). The second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York was one of England’s strongest and least popular monarchs. He was born at Greenwich on June 28‚ 1491. The first English ruler to be educated under the influence of the Renaissance‚ he was a gifted scholar‚ linguist‚ composer‚ and musician. As a youth he was gay and handsome‚ skilled in all manner of athletic games‚ but in later life he became coarse and fat. When his elder brother‚ Arthur
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Social Structure During the Renaissance: Italy vs. China In contemporary western societies‚ social classes are based upon a middle‚ lower‚ and upper class. Today social mobility[1] between these classes is likely if not common; however this has not always been the case. In the time period of the Italian Renaissance[2]‚ the roots of social mobility can be found. Social structure[3] in Italy was based upon Humanism.[4] The power structure[5] of the Medici[6] further supported Humanism and in turn
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supposed to be elected by the clergy of the diocese‚ but in practice‚ anointed kings who claimed themselves to be God’s vicars‚ appointed bishops and invested them with the symbols of their spiritual and temporal authority‚ which made power of the popes been challenged. To promote the idea of papal monarchy‚ reformers seized the opportunity to take the papacy by force while the king‚ Henry IV‚ was still a child and could not react. When Henry IV reached adulthood‚ he continued to appoint his own bishops
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created twenty three years later after completing the Genesis ceiling fresco. It is located on the altar of the Sistine chapel. The Last Judgment was commissioned by Pope Clement VII (1523-1534) shortly before his death‚ and confirmed in 1535 by his successor‚ Pope Paul III (1468-1549) who was considered the first Counter Reformation Pope. As a religious artwork it was the largest single fresco mural painting of the 16th century (www.everypainterpaintshimself.com/). It was part of the mannerism movement
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work Assertion of the Seven Sacraments against Martin Luther‚ which gained him the title of Defensor Fidei‚ by Pope Leo X (Durant‚ 532). The true heart of the religious power however‚ remained in the hands of Sir Thomas Wolsey‚ the Archbishop of York; whom at the zenith of his reign received a third of all the ecclesiastical revenues of England and was seven times more powerful than the pope (Durant‚ 527). All of Wolsey’s affairs‚ both international and domestic‚ were claimed to be in the name of the
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Michelangelo worked Cesena’s face into the scene as Minos‚ judge of the underworld (far bottom-right corner of the painting) with Donkey ears {i.e. foolishness} while his nudity is covered by a coiled snake. It is said that when Cesena complained to the Pope‚ the pontiff joked that his jurisdiction did not extend to hell‚ so the portrait would have to remain. The genitalia in the fresco were covered 24 years later (when the Council of Trent condemned nudity in religious art) by the artist Daniele da Volterra
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What initially caused food shortages and famine in the early 14th century? The changing climate has resulted in poor harvests and famine. The period from 1300 to 1800 is referred to as the “little ice age‚” as it was the period of climate change for the worse; becoming colder and wetter. This ultimately led to the destruction of the crops that were essential to society. What was the name of the plague that devastated Europe in the 14th century? “Black Death” was the name of the plague that devastated
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