research topic: The implication of conditional betas on the Fama-French three factor model Introduction CAPM has been an active area of research over the past half century since the introduction of Sharpe development of the capital asset pricing model. Much progress has been made in the early years on the linear relationship between expected return and beta(Black‚ Jensen and Scholes 1972 and Fama and MacBeth 1973). Later studies however show weak empirical evidence on these relationships
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Department of Budget and Management Malacañang‚ Manila OPIF REFERENCE GUIDE Organizational Performance Indicator Framework A Guide to Results-Based Budgeting in the Philippines Manila‚ April 2012 This document was prepared with assistance from Delegation to the Philippines EUROPEAN UNION OPIF Reference Guide © 2012 by Department of Budget and Management All rights reserved. Any part of this book may be used and reproduced‚ provided proper acknowledgement is made. OPIF Reference
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TRANSFER PRICING IN INDIA FOR DOMESTIC TRANSACTIONS Vishal Achanta‚ No.632 All references to the ‘statute’ must be construed to mean the Income Tax Act‚ 1961‚ as amended by the Finance Act‚ 2012. Transfer pricing is a relatively new concept in the Indian taxation regime‚ and transfer pricing with respect to domestic transactions is barely a year or two old. This article aims to explore the basics of transfer pricing and specified domestic transactions in India‚ and identify areas of improvement
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M004LON Finance‚ Funding and Legislative Frameworks For Success Coursework One: Data Response (Evaluation of Marks & Spencers plc) Submitted by: Binish Babu ( Nakul Vinod (3943256) Julin Ann Thomas (3997710) Date of submission: 4th March‚ 2012 Word count : 1492 words Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 2 Ratio Analysis 3 1) Liquidity ratios 3 2) Solvency ratios 3 3) Working capital management ratios 3 4) Profitability
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ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates a particular model for making the pricing decisions associated with hotel booking. Implementing such pricing decisions that are designed to optimize the profitability of the hotel forms part of a policy commonly referred to as yield management. The model utilizes fore casts of demand in individual market segments to capitalize on the willingness of people in one segment to pay more than people in another segment. The procedure for doing this is necessarily time-based
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Applications of option pricing in corporate finance Option pricing is used in four major areas of corporate finance: • Real Options Suppose a company has a 1-year proprietary license to develop a software application for use in a new generation of wireless cellular telephones. Hiring programmers and marketing consultants to complete the project will cost $30 million. The good news is that if consumers love the new cell phones‚ there will be a tremendous demand for the software. The bad news
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External factors that affect pricing decisions * External Factors - There are a number of influencing factors which are not controlled by the company but will impact pricing decisions. Understanding these factors requires the marketer conduct research to monitor what is happening in each market the company serves since the effect of these factors can vary by market. i) The nature of the market and demand ii) Elasticity of demand iii) Competitor’s cost‚ price and offers
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RISK & CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL | | |Every financial investment contains some | |To see how the risk matrix (see below) described in this tutorial is used‚ please | |level of financial risk. This risk is | |take a look at FinanceIsland’s ROI analysis tool. You can try it out |usually expressed through the discount rate | |by subscribing for a free trial. |used in the financial analysis. Since the | |
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standardized‚ concentrated and differentiated Global Marketing. Critically evaluate each strategy with an example from a global company to illustrate the differences There is a tendency for international corporate-level strategies to be substituted for global marketing strategies; namely‚ multi-domestic strategy to concentrated marketing‚ global strategy to standardized marketing‚ and transnational strategy to differentiated marketing. However‚ the borderline lies as the former focuses broadly
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channel‚ wholesaler channel‚ or agent/broker channel. Besides that‚ Pensonic also need to consider which types of promotion strategy that is suitable to use. Sales of the company is correlated to the promotion strategy that used by the company. Choosing a right pricing strategy is also important for the company operation. Pensonic needs to carefully choose a pricing strategy so that the company will not suffer from loss. Every company will come to the stage that facing market problems and
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