Examining the RNA Interference Mechanism in the dpy-13 Gene in C. Elegans Through Feeding Mehdi Misto Lab: Monday 1:00 – 4:50 PM 11 December 2012 Introduction: RNA interference‚ or RNAi‚ is a biological process in which RNA molecules reduce the gene expression of an organism. This is done typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. RNAs are direct products of genes‚ these small RNAs can bind to other mRNA molecules to either increase or decrease their activity like in the example
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Application of Molecular Techniques for Detection of Disease Resistant Genes in Tomato Breeding Lines for Guatemala Objectives: 1. Evaluate and modify methods for detection of Fusarium Race 2 resistance gene. 2. Evaluation of two step protocol for detection of Mi-1 gene. 3. Verification of marker for Ty-1 and evaluation for marker in Guatemala breeding lines. (This is a Geminivirus that is transmitted by the whitefly) 4. Use of molecular markers to detect geminivirus resistance source for Gu143
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and lung function Pathogens 3. BIOL1 : Nature of pathogens and infection 4. BIOL1 : Cholera and dehydration 5. BIOL2 : Horizontal gene transfer and antibiotic resistance Genetics 6. BIOL1 : symptoms of lactose intolerance 7. BIOL2 : Formation of non-functional enzymes 8. BIOL5 : Risk factors for cancer‚ the nature of cancer‚ tumours suppressor and proto-oncogenes 9. BIOL5 : Mutations and disease (e.g. sickle cell anaemia (heterozygous advantage) and cystic fibrosis 10. BIOL5 : Venoms and
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Christopher Scott Biol 241 homework Professor: Greg Crowther 1. Compare and contrast the reasons cell division is important for unicellular and multicellular organisms. Cell division is the method in which single celled organisms reproduce. Cell division allows multi-cellular to grow and repair dead or damaged cells 2. Provide an example of why cell division remains important to an adult organism even after it isfully developed. Some cells divide to heal wounds such as cuts or broken bones.
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process of new growth whilst Neoplasm means a new growth. Sometimes‚ the parenchyma cells stimulate the formation of an abundant collagenous stroma‚ referred to as desmoplasia. Some tumours e.g. some cancers of breast are stony hard or scirrhous. Sarcomas have little connective tissue stroma and so are fleshy. Pseudo tumours: i) An ectopic rest of normal tissue is sometimes called a choristoma e.g a rest of adrenal cells under the kidney capsule or a pancreatic nodular rest in the mucosa of the small
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When this checkpoint is passed‚ cdk4 and cyclin D interact. This interaction results in phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein‚ which in turn allows activation of the transcription factor E2F. Active E2F promotes expression of the cyclin E gene. Cyclin E (protein) and cdk 2 interact to promote the G1 to S phase transition. DNA Replication Checkpoint (end of G2) * Cell will not proceed with mitosis if DNA replication is not complete * The way the cell senses this is not
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the tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. They are mutations that occur in the main cells of the body that ultimately lead to the formation of cancer. A single gene mutation is all that is necessary to drive the cancer cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. As this occurs the body cells go into apoptosis; if the patient does not take the necessary steps for immediate treatment he/she will most likely die since cancer cells rapidly begin to encompass the whole body. Proto-oncogenes are a group
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inherited cancers are related to the Genes‚ but some of the genetic changes are the result of environmental exposures that damage DNA . These exposures include substances‚ such as chemicals in tobacco smoke‚ or radiation such as radio ultraviolet rays from the sun. Some people are born with a gene mutation that they inherited from their mother or father. This damaged gene puts them at a higher risk for cancer to occur. When cancer occurs because of an inherited gene mutation‚ it is referred to “hereditary
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REDISCOVERING BIOLOGY Cell Biology and Cancer “ We now understand a lot about cancer. We know that it results from a series of genetic changes having to do with cell division and growth control and genetic instability‚ mortality‚ the suicide mechanism in cells; the ability of the cells to migrate; the ability of the cells to attract to them a blood supply. And so that’s pretty profound that in a few sentences one can summarize a sophisticated‚ fundamental understanding of what a cancer is.” LELAND
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The discovery of DNA is attributed to the research of three scientists in 1951; Francis Crick‚ Maurice Wilkins‚ and James Dewey Watson. They were all later accredited with the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. Thanks to their discovery‚ science has been able to research and learn from DNA blueprints and use recombinant DNA technology to discover answers‚ vaccines and build immunity for many viruses. In recent years science has been using this new technology to genetically modify animals
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