(24.09.2007) CONTENTS Introduction Classification of Terpenoids Isolation of mono and sesquiterpenoids General properties of Terpenoids General methods of structure elucidation Terpenoids Citral Menthol Camphor Eugenol Keywords Terpenes‚ isoprene‚ citral‚ menthol‚ camphor and eugenol 1 Introduction There are many different classes of naturally occurring compounds. Terpenoids also form a group of naturally occurring compounds majority of which occur in plants‚ a few of them have also been
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Preparation and purification of acetylsalicylic acid Results and Data treatment (A) Preparation of aspirin i) Details about the reactants Reaction of the acetylation of salicylic acid is following From the balanced reaction above‚ it can be seen that the stoichiometry between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is 1: 1. In this experiment‚ 21.7mmol of salicylic acid was used to react 6.0mL of acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was limiting reagent. The expected amount of salicylic
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Title: Competing Nucleophiles (Exp 24‚ pp 211-221‚ pp 808-823‚ pp 836-842) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions. Method: 40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in
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activating group‚ which allow the procedure to go without a catalyst. The bromination of the acetanilide gives the tribromide instead of 4-bromoaniline. preparing the 4-bromoaniline involves the attack of a strong electrophile and the hydrolysis of a proton to give the final product. Chemicals and Safety: Bromine is very poisonous‚ and can cause burns. Eyes‚ skin and nose should be protected while carrying the bromine inside the hood. Glacial acid is also a very corrosive compound and can cause
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2: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves Background; Readings on Vapor pressure‚ Raoult’s Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils‚ eugenol and acetyleugenol‚ will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with aqueous sodium hydroxide‚ which will react with eugenol‚ to yield the sodium salt of eugenol in the basic aqueous layer
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Equivalent protons in a molecule will result in one NMR signal. How many NMR signals would you predict for each of the following molecules? __1__ benzene __2__ 3-pentanone __4__ toluene __3__ ethanol __2__ t-butyl methyl ether 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 Question 2 1 / 1 point A compound to be analyzed by NMR should be dissolved in a solvent. Clearly the solvent should not have an NMR signal in the spectral area you are trying to analyze. Which solvents are appropriate for use in proton NMR? Question
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the home while allowing people to keep their doors open. After considering numerous ideas I concluded that the best way to do this is via a eugenol based fly spray. Due to tests done by Dr Sinthusiri we have evidence that suggests house-flies will move away from areas that have eugenol sprayed into them. To make it non-harmful and easy to install‚ the eugenol will be dispersed in automatic canisters set to
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stable therefore it is very reactive as it more nucleophilic. Nucleophiles are compounds negatively charged in other word positive charge loving that donate their pair of electrons to form a new bond. They can also be called Lewis bases as they accept proton from electrophilic species. Grignard reagent can be simply prepared by redox reaction of magnesium metal and alkyl halide in dry diethyl ether solvent. In this experiment the alkyl halide use is bromobenzene‚ to form the reagent phenylmagnesium
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flavor industries. The equilibrium of the reaction was changed by adding an excess amount of acetic acid. The reaction was refluxed and product was purified by extraction and distillation. Isopentyl acetate was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Reaction Scheme: Mechanism: Key features of the Fischer Esterification mechanism are: a. protonation of the carbonyl group‚ b. the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate‚ and c. regeneration of acid to show its role of catalyst
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These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol‚ shown in Figure 2 below: In addition‚ the IR of the product from the steam distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of an authentic sample of eugenol shown in the lab text.9 Therefore‚ it can be concluded that the oil which was isolated from cloves is in fact‚ eugenol. 0.53 g of eugenol was recovered from 5 g of cloves. This corresponds to a percent recovery of 7.46%: Amt. Eugenol isolated 0.53 g % Recovery = ------------------------------
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