1) Demonstrate understanding of the terms atom and molecule. Atom= Smallest Unit of Matter Molecule= 2 or more atoms chemically bonded. 2) Describe paper chromatography. 3) Interpret simple chromatograms. A method used to separate a Solution‚ using a Paper and a beaker of water. The Substances in the Paper go up depending on their Mass. We can say that a Solution has the same substance as another solution because they form a line of the same height. 4) Describe methods of separation
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strength of attraction from the proton in the nucleus to attract one valence elctron into the outermost occupied shell becomes waker. The tendency to receive elctron decreases.. The reactivity of G17 is the tendency of the atom to receive elctron to form stable electron arrangement. The easier the atom receives electron‚ the more reactive it is. ELECRONEGATIVITY DCREASES ACROSS PERIOD The proton number increases by one unit across the period. Increase in proton
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Models of the Atom: a Historical Perspective John Dalton Early Greek Theories • 400 B.C. - Democritus thought matter could not be divided indefinitely. • This led to the idea of atoms in a void. fire Democritus • 1800 -Dalton proposed a modern atomic model based on experimentation not on pure reason. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms of an element are identical. Each element has different atoms. Atoms of different elements combine in constant ratios to form compounds. • Atoms are rearranged
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Abstract: This experiment synthesized H-Gly-Phe-OH dipeptide using “Fmoc chemistry”. The first part of experiment was the synthesis of L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. The methyl ester can be synthesised by reaction of thionyl chloride‚ SOCl2 and dry methanol with L-phenylalanine under reflux condition. The peptide bond was formed later in the experiment‚ where HBTU‚ DiPEA and a solution of Fmoc-Gly-OH in DMF were added to a solution of L-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride in DMF
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atomic number 37‚ an atomic weight of 85.47‚ and a density of 1.53 Mg/m3. Its melting point is 38.9 °C‚ and it boils at 688 °C. Its atomic radius is 0.248 nm and the (+1) ionic radius is 0.148 nm. Number of p+ n° and e- Rubidium has a number of protons of 37‚ neutrons 48 and electrons 37. Uses and compounds There are relatively few commercial uses for rubidium or its compounds. Rubidium is used to make atomic clocks. But these clocks are used only for very specialized purposes where very precise
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The dissociation of protons from oxalic acid proceeds in a stepwise manner as for other polyprotic acids. Loss of a single proton results in the monovalent hydrogenoxalate anion HC2O4−. A salt with this anion is sometimes called an acid oxalate‚ monobasic oxalate‚ or hydrogen oxalate. The equilibrium constant (Ka) for loss of the first proton is 5.37×10−2 (pKa = 1.27). The loss of the second proton‚ which yields the oxalate ion has an equilibrium constant of 5.25×10−5 (pKa = 4.28). These values imply
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* Compare the views of Hubble and Friedman about the expansion of the universe: Edwin Hubble’s observation In 1929‚ Edwin Hubble announced that his observations of galaxies outside our own Milky Way showed that they were systematically moving away from us with a speed that was proportional to their distance from us. The more distant the galaxy‚ the faster it was receding from us. The universe was expanding after all‚ just as General Relativity originally predicted! Hubble observed that the light
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associated with elementary particles for example electron‚ proton and many more. Electric charge is the property responsible for electric forces which acts between nucleus and electron to bind the atom together. Charges are of two kinds (i) negative charge (ii) positive charge Electrons are negatively charged particles and protons‚ of which nucleus is made of‚ are positively charged particles. Actually nucleus is made of protons and neutrons but neutrons are uncharged particles. electric
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PLASTIDS Plastids are large cytoplasmic organelles. Plastids are major organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. Plastids often contain pigments used in photosynthesis‚ and the types of pigments present can change or determine the cell’s colour. The term plastid was derived from the Greek word plastikas meaning formed or moulded. This term was coined by Schimper in 1885. In plants
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Chemistry: It is the science concerned with the atomic composition of substances‚ elements and their interactions‚ and the formation‚ decomposition and properties of molecules. -Biological chemistry or Biochemistry is the biological or physiological chemistry of living organisms and of the chemical changes occurring therein. Structure of Matter: All living and nonliving things are composed of matter. Matter; is anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass is the amount of matter in an object
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