‘HOW DOES CONCENTRATION AFFECT THE RATE OF REACTION?’ SANIA HUSSAIN CANDIDATE NUMBER:5093 Contents The aim – PG 1 Introduction – PG 1 Theories – PG 1‚ 2 Prediction – PG 2‚ 3 Safety – PG 3 Strategy – PG 3‚ 4 Method – PG 5‚ 6‚ 7 Preliminary – PG 7 Actual experiment and graphs – PG 7+ Chemistry coursework Hypothesis/Aims The aim of the investigation is to see how different concentrations of hydrochloric acid affects the rate at which hydrogen gas is produced
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Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates. A reaction rate is the speed of the change in either reactants or products over a period of time. General kinetic rate equation is: Where [A] and [B] are the concentration of the species in the reaction. The variable k is the rate constant‚ which is a function of time and catalyst presence. The variables m and n are the order of reaction for their respective species concentration. The higher the value of the reaction order the larger the effect of
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the surface area to volume ratio decreases‚ this is because volume increases quicker than the surface area; as volume is three dimensional. This concept applies to cells and reaction rate because cells need to absorb their food‚ water and oxygen through their cell membrane and depending on the size of the cell membrane the rate at which it absorbs its requirements is changed. If the cell is large‚ the time which it takes to absorb its necessities will be longer because its surface area to volume ratio
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represents a different level of pH added to the solution. When pH 9 was added‚ it produced the highest rate of reaction (the most oxygen was produced)‚ whereas when the more acidic pH 5 was added‚ the rate of reaction was much slower‚ and less efficient. The higher the oxygen evolved (gas produced)‚ the more reactions were being produced/higher rate of reaction. Different types of enzymes’ reaction proportions differ based on the pH being added. For example‚ intestinal enzymes may react differently
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Report An enzyme is something that helps to speed up a chemical reaction. The enzyme changes from reaction to reaction‚ but it always has the same impact. However‚ certain variables may cause the enzyme to have a more or less significant impact on the speed of each reaction. One of these variables that changes the effectiveness of an enzyme is temperature. There is an optimal functioning temperature for each enzyme in each reaction‚ depending on the desired change in speed. For some‚ this temperature
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affect enzyme activity‚ by looking at the rate of reaction. I predict that the higher the temperature will be‚ the faster the reactions take place. However‚ I also think that there will be an optimum temperature‚ at which the reaction will work at its fastest; if the temperature goes beyond that‚ the reactions will stop altogether as the enzymes would have been denatured. Scientific knowledge: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions without being used up. They are proteins
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and Substrate Concentration on Reaction Rate by Zachary A. Poché Biology 155 Laboratory October 15‚ 2014 Lab Partners: Cade White‚ Hannah Ragas‚ Russheka Aremillion ABSTRACT In order to increase the reaction rate‚ substrates attach to the active site of enzymes which decrease the activation energy required to convert substrates to products. We examined the effect of enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on the overall rate of the reaction. To determine the effect of enzyme
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catalysts that speed up chemical reaction but are not themselves consumed or changed by the reaction. The cell’s biological catalysts are proteins. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains that are folded to make an active site‚ an area in which a material to be acted on by the enzyme‚ called the substrate‚ will fit. The temperature‚pH‚ the concentration of enzyme‚ and the concentration of substrate all affect the activity of the enzyme and the rate of the reaction. The browning of potatoes
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Effect of Substrate Concentration on Initial Reaction Rate The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between substrate concentration and initial reaction rate provided that substrate concentration is much greater than enzyme concentration. Enzymes are essential to life as they are required for many vital metabolic reactions to occur. To adequately explain the properties of enzymes‚ it is assumed that an enzyme-controlled reaction takes place through an enzyme-substrate complex
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basic concepts of chemical reaction systems modelling and develop simulation models for CSTR’s . Non-linear and linear systems descriptions are derived. Introduction To describe the dynamic behaviour of a CSTR mass‚ component and energy balance equations must be developed. This requires an understanding of the functional expressions that describe chemical reaction. A reaction will create new components while simultaneously reducing reactant concentrations. The reaction may give off heat or my require
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