molecular weight compounds. 3) Identify that ethylene‚ because of the high reactivity of its double bond‚ is readily transformed into many suitable products The two bonds of ethylene are not identical. The second bond (pi-bond) is weaker than the first bond (sigma-bond). Thus‚ only a small amount of energy is needed to enter the system in order to convert a double bond into a single bond. This results in ethylene’s high reactivity. 4) Identify that ethylene serves as a monomer from which polymers are
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References: McMurry‚ J. Organic Chemistry‚ Brooks and Cole 2007 Smith‚ J. G. Organic Chemistry 2ed. McGraw Hill 2007 Wade‚ L. G. 7th Edition. Organic Chemistry‚ 2010. Seyhan Ege‚ 5 Edition‚ Organic Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity‚ Houghton Mifflin‚ 2004. Pavia‚ Lampman‚ Kriz and Engel‚ 2 Edition‚ Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Small Scale Approach‚ Thomsom Brooks/Cole‚ 2004. nd th th : : ; : 10% 30% 20% 40%
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Tutorial 1 1. pK = 3.4 DH = ASA Plasma pH = 7.3 Stomach pH = 1.5 = 10pH – pK = 10pH – pK = 107.3 – 3.4 = 101.5 – 3.4 = 7943.2823 = 0.01259 [Total Drug] = [D-] + [DH] [Total Drug] = [D-] + [DH] = 7943.2823 + 1 = 0.0126 + 1 = 7944.2823 = 1.0126 [Total Drug] in stomach relative to plasma = 7944.2823/1.0126 = 7845.43 Conclusion: High absorption of ASA from the stomach lumen. Absorption from stomach is 7845.43 times
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2 10. Analysis shows that a metal oxide has the empirical formula M0.96 O1.00. Calculate the percentage of M2+ and M3+ ions in this crystal? 2 OR In an ionic compound the anion (N¯) form cubic close type of packing. While the cation (M+) ions occupy one third of the tetrahedral voids. Deduce the empirical formula of the compound and the coordination number of (M+) ions. 2 11. Given below is the sketch of a plant for carrying out a process. (i) Name the process
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quantitative isolation of pure chlorine on both sides of the compound which we can achieve if enough data is available for calculation. We know that our dissolved unknown salt contains chlorine‚ a halide‚ which can be precipitated effectively using silver nitrate. The positive Silver ions in the Silver nitrate ions react with the chlorine in in this net ionic reaction: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) = AgCl(aq) Silver Chloride is an extremely insoluble compound‚ as
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The Earth’s atmosphere has changed over billions of years‚ but for the past 200 million years it has been much as it is today. We are‚ however‚ causing our atmosphere to change by human activity. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation are two examples of human effect on the environment. Composition of the Earth’s atmosphere The composition of air You need to know the proportions of the main gases in the atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere has remained much the same for the past 200 million years
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of Aluminium Aluminium ore is called bauxite. Bauxite contains aluminium oxide‚ water‚ iron oxide and other impurities. The purified dry ore‚ called alumina‚ is aluminium oxide (Al2O3). The alumina must be molten for electrolysis to work‚ since the ions are not free to move in the solid state. Unfortunately‚ alumina has a high melting point (2040 °C) and it is not practical to do electrolysis at such a high temperature. In the middle of the nineteenth century it was found that alumina dissolved in
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CARBOXYLIC ACID Introduction: Organic compounds containing (–C(O)–OH) as a functional group are called carboxylic acids. The –C (O)-OH group which itself is made up of a carbonyl group (>C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is called a carboxyl group (carb from carbonyl and oxyl from hydroxyl group). Carboxylic acid may be an aliphatic or an aromatic depending upon whether –C–OH is attached to an alkyl group ( or a hydrogen atom) or an aryl group. Their general formulas are; ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID:
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relationship works to produce spontaneity. Lastly‚ these results were used to determine the Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s number by electrolysis‚ which is chemical decomposition produced by passing an electrical current through a solution with ions. The primary objective of part one of this experiment was to discover how the properties of an electrochemical cell works. An electrochemical cell is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction and is composed of two half reactions: an anode and a cathode
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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