Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity. Organic Chemstry Laboratory Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity Introduction The concepts of stability and reactivity are fundamental to understanding chemistry. In this chapter we consider first the thermodynamic definition of chemical stability. We then consider chemical kinetics (Section 3.2) and how it can provide information about reactivity. We also explore how structure influences stability and reactivity. We want to learn how to make
Premium Chemical reaction Energy Enthalpy
This reaction involves the oxidation of iodide ions to iodine molecules which are soluble in water and are visible as a pale brown clear solution. The formation of the iodine can easily be detected because all other species in the reaction mixture are colourless. The addition of starch to the reaction mixture further enhances the colour change by forming a dark blue-black complex with the iodine. The overall ionic equation is: (the spectator ions K+ have been left out to see the electron transfer
Premium Chemical kinetics Reaction rate Chemical reaction
Radical Cations•+: Generation‚ Reactivity‚ Stability R A R A MacMillan Group Meeting 4-27-11 by Anthony Casarez Three Main Modes to Generate Radical Cations Chemical oxidation D A D A Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) h! 1) D A D A* D A 2) D A h! D* A D A Electrochemical oxidation (anodic oxidation) D Anode D Chemical Oxidation Stoichiometric oxidant: SET O N Bn H N Me O N Me t-Bu
Premium Ion Radical Electrochemistry
Lab Experiment # 11 The common ion effect in dissolution and precipitation Equilibria Introduction: Dissolution and precipitation reactions are very important chemical reactions because it is applied to many aspects of the industries in medicine‚ food‚ water etc. The objectives of this laboratory experiment is to become familiar with dissolution and precipitation equilibria‚ develop a lab technique suitable for the determination of the solubility for a sparingly soluble salt‚ Ba(NO3)2 (s) at room
Premium Chemistry Temperature Thermodynamics
Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide: A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Unknown Letter: B 23 April 2013 Academic Integrity Statement: “Experimental data may be collected with other students in organic chemistry labs. However I understand that sharing information required for a lab report (including but not limited to word processing or spreadsheet files‚ calculations‚ graphs‚ conclusions and additional problems at the end of the lab report) with other students is a violation of the University
Premium Chemistry University Research
2.3.2 Counter Ion “Most bacterial cell walls are charged with a negative charge‚ so most antibacterial polymers must be charged with a positive charge to facilitate the adsorption process. The composition of the counter ion‚ or polymer-linked ions‚ is used to balance the charge‚ it also affects the antibacterial activity. The counter ion has positive charge‚ which is a strong ion-pair with the polymer will inhibit the antibacterial activity because it will prevent the polymer from interacting with
Premium Bacteria Penicillin Antibiotic resistance
Title: Relativities of Alkyl Halides in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to perform a comparison of relative reactivities of various alkyl halides with two different reagents‚ sodium iodine in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol. (Below are the reaction equations). We used different substrates‚ which were primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary. These substrates included 2-bromobutane‚ 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ 1-bromobutane ∞-Bromotoluene‚ bromobenzene
Premium
Testing the Reactivity of Metals Aim: To prove the arrangements of the metals (Na‚ Ca‚ Mg‚ Al‚ Zn‚ Fe‚ Sn‚ Pb‚ Cu) according to the reactivity series. Background Information: By using various experiment‚ the reactivity of the metals can be deduced by the observation of the reaction. Hypothesis: Metals with low ionisation energy will lose their their electron more easily providing a more vicious and obvious result‚ as compared to the metals with higher ionisation energy‚ as the metals with lower
Premium
The Nervous System: Ion Channels 1. What structures in the cell membrane function as ion channels? Intergral Proteins 2. Ion channels are selective for specific ions. What three characteristics of the ions are important for this selectivity? a. Charge on ion (+ or -) b.Size c. The amount of water the Ion attracts 3. Channels can be classified as either gated or nongated channels. A sodium channel that is always open would be classified as a/an non-gated channel. 4. Would
Premium Neuron Action potential Nervous system
3/4/14 Determining The Formula of a Complex Ion Luqman Khan Contents: Aim………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……2 Results……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………2-6 - Raw Data………………………….………….……………………………………………………..…..2 - Qualitative Analysis………………………………………………………………………………….2 - Data Processing……………………………..……………………………………………………..3-5 - Graphical Results……………………………..…………………………………………….…….5-6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………6-7 Evaluation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Premium Measurement Ion Ammonia