Corporation‚ With 13 Contributors‚ Springhouse By OkDoKeY Handbook of Pathophysiology Contents Staff Contributors Foreword 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 CANCER 3 INFECTION 4 GENETICS 5 FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES 6 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 7 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 8 NERVOUS SYSTEM 9 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Pathophysiology in color Understanding Asthma Understanding Cancer Understanding Osteoporosis Understanding Ulcers 10 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 11 HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM 12 IMMUNE SYSTEM 13 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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CARDIOVASCULAR Dsyrhythmias * Etiology * Disturbances in automaticity – initiation of impulse is altered * Disturbances in conduction – alteration in the speed the impulse travels * Reentry of impulses – cardiac tissue is depolarized multiple times by the same impulse * Speed‚ distance and location can be changed or affected (blockages cause change in heart rhythm) * Risk factors * Cardiovascular disease‚ MI * MI – death of tissue – no electricity
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PALS Helpful Hints Nov 2011 The PALS exam is a 33 question exam. Passing score is 84% or you may miss 5 questions. For those persons taking PALS for the first time or renewing with a current card‚ exam remediation is permitted should you miss more than 5 questions on the exam. Viewing the books ahead of time with the accompanying student web site www.heart.org/eccstudent located on page ii of the PALS provider manual is very helpful. This site has a pretest and other helpful tools. This
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cytochrome P450 and thus prolongs the half-life of some drugs‚ for example‚ warfarin‚ theophylline. (5) Problems of Using Antacids: (6 marks) (i) NaHCO3 It will lead belching and distension‚ absorbed into blood stream causing systemic alkalosis: sodium overload. (ii) Magnesium salts It will produce diarrhea (iii) Aluminium salts It will cause constipation (6) (i) Principles of Helicobactor pylori Eradication Therapy : (4 marks) Implicated as causative factor
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Drug Overdose Ketline Abel January 13‚ 2011 A drug is any substance that when absorbed in the body alters the normally body function. In pharmacies drugs are a chemical substance in the treatment‚ cure‚ prevention or diagnosis of disease or otherwise physical or mental well being. All drugs have the potential to be misused whether prescribed by a doctor‚ bought over the counter or bought illegally off the streets.
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Pathophysiology . Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is being treated with insulin. However‚ respiratory paralysis have been developed requiring assisted ventilation. What is the mechanism for the respiratory failure? A myasthenic-like reaction associated with DKA. Fructose accumulation and its intolerance. Hyperkalaemia. Hypophosphataemia. Primary adrenal insufficiency is typically accompanied by: Diabetes mellitus. Hypercalcaemia. Sudden recent weight gain. Hypotension. Causes of hypoparathyroidism
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Hyperemesis Gravidarum is a disorder in which persistent or severe nausea‚ vomiting‚ weight loss. And electrolyte disturbance occur during pregnancy. 90% of pregnant women will or has experience nausea and vomiting. Hyperemesis gravidarum in some individual cases can be life threatening. The symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are not limited to morning hours and often occur throughout the day Hyperemesis gravidarum affect approximately 0.3- 2.0% of all pregnancy. Women with pre-existing
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Excretion. a) excretion is the removal or metabolic waste from the body. Metabolic waste consists of waste substances that may be toxic or are produced n excess by reactions inside cells. b) Explain the importance of removing metabolic wastes‚ including carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste‚ from the body. The are many substances that need to be excreted - almost any cell product that is formed in excess by the chemical process occurring in the cells must be excreted. However there are two
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ALLlinens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their handsfrequently and avoid contact.Vasopressin think DIABETES INSIPIDUS!!!!Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone2. 1. dont give beta blockers to anyone with respiratory problems i.e asthma‚copd.2. periorbital edema sign of complication with impetigo (indicateglomernephritis) 3. Myocardial infaraction always relieve pain with morphine 1st. sometimes thechoice oxygen will be in the same question. choose morphine
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Energy in an utilizable form is something essential for the functioning of any organism. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are the two primary organelles in eukaryotic cells that involve in the transformation of energy‚ thus in production and consumption respectively. The chloroplast is an organelle present only in plant cells and some prokaryotes. At the same time they are absent in animal cells. It’s through the chloroplast that entry of energy to a cell takes place where sunlight is used to trap
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