Substitution: The Nitration of Toluene Abstract This industrially important reaction of EAS: The Nitration of Toluene exhibits how the attack of a nitronium ion would give out major and minor products at different positions of toluene. This is an electrophilic substitution mechanism. Mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid will produce a nitronium ion‚ which will attack ortho-‚ meta- and para- positions at Toluene. (Mechanism at appendix). Introduction/Procedure Toluene is cooled down to almost
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Abstract In the following project we are discussing about distillation. The operation of the distillation is employed for the purification of liquids from non-volatile impurities. The liquid is heated to the vapor phase and then is collected and recondensed to give back the pure liquid .The non-volatile impurities are left behind in the flask. Here our main focus will be at the fractional distillation. It is the process in which we separate the different components of a mixture on the basis of the
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Sample Lab Report Simple and Fractional Distillation Unknown # 2 Purpose In this experiment we aim to demonstrate that we can separate two volatile compounds from a mixture due to the different chemical properties of each compound. We will accomplish this by a separation procedure known as distillation‚ which relies on each compound having a distinct and separate boiling point. Our pure products will be analyzed with gas chromatography to determine the success of the distillation. Procedures
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Simple Distillation: A Test on the Amount of Ethanol Present in Vodka By: Morales‚ Michah A. Ogsimer‚ Juk Rances F. Pacia‚ Carissa Jenelle Y. Panganiban‚ Aean Genesis R. Rabang‚ Maika I. 2B-Medical Technology‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT Distillation is a technique in separating two liquid components. There are two types of distillation used in this experiment known as the simple and fractional distillation. The objective of this experiment was to be able to determine
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Distilling a Mixture of Cyclohexane and Toluene Lab partner: Chemistry 211 2/08/12 Goal: The purpose of doing this experiment is to separate a sample of cyclohexane and toluene using simple miniscale distillation. The objectives will be to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that are acquired during the distillation process. It is expected that cyclohexane boils and distils before toluene. By gathering these measurements will allow us to determine refractive index
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Steam Distillation 6.6.12 Aim: To isolate and extract citrol from lemongrass oil using steam distillation. Theory: Impure chemicals are usually purified using distillation‚ allowing the changes in boiling points to separate the substances. Chemicals with high boiling points decompose before reaching the temperature necessary for separation‚ leading to the invention of steam distillation. The contamination is separated at lower temperatures and allows the separation of chemicals from their
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Simple Distillation of Ethyl Acetate contaminated with Methyl Violet Operational OrganicChemistry A Problem Solving Approach to the Laboratory Course‚ 4th edition‚ by John Lehman‚ Experiment 4‚ OP-30 pg 710-719 I. Introduction The students will use the distillation method to extract pure Ethyl acetate by using the distillation equipment. The distillation is the process of vaporizing a liquid mixture in one vessel and condensing the vapors into the receiver. II. Experimental procedures. 1
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Toluene is a clear colorless liquid that has an aromatic odor. It ignites in air at 40 degrees Fahrenheit. It is also less dense than water and because so will float atop it. Toluene is non-corrosive. Toluene is in a ton of things! Toluene is used in aviation gasoline‚ high-octane blending stock‚ and petroleum/coal production. It is used as a solvent in things we use everyday like paints‚ coatings‚ and gums. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree. The tolu tree is where Toluene
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DISTILLATION HISTORY • Distilling was used as early as 3500 BC in Mesopotamia where perfume makers had developed it as a technique for isolating the scented oils of flowers and plants‚ what we know as “attar”. • Around 1100 AD wine was first distilled to make spirit by Irish monks who travelled around Europe. • The results of distillation were considered to have magical powers and this led to alcohol being called “water of life” or “usige beatha” in Gaelic‚ “eau de vie” in French
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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