Discussion: In this experiment a ketone‚ 9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation‚ this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel‚ hydrogen gas‚ and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However‚ hydrogen gas is dangerous due to
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Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil. However‚ stereochemistry allows for five possible products. If only one carbonyl group is reduced during the reaction a racemic mixture of benzoin will be the product that is produced. After the first reduction a chiral center forms causing the second reduction to occur from only one side of the ketone. Depending on which side the second reduction take place there are three possible products including: a racemic
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convert benzophenone to diphenylmethanol. This was done by using sodium borohydride to reduce benzophenone. The product was then crystalized from hexanes then using the melting point and IR testing it was possible to characterize it. The melting point range was… Introduction: This lab is possible because of oxidation and reduction reactions. In organic chemistry oxidation is the loss of electron density around a carbon‚ while reduction is an increase in electron density around a carbon. More electronegative
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NPTEL – Chemistry – Reagents and Organic reactions Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first
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Exp.11) Identification of unknown ketones. Introduction: Given five samples of a known ketone derivative‚ the purpose of this experiment is to identify which unknown ketone derivative corresponds to the five known samples. In other words‚ using specific methods of compound detection‚ it is possible to match an unknown compound with a known compound because similar compounds will display similar characteristics. In this experiment‚ identification of the unknown ketone is accomplished through thin
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Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. H O H R O H Alcohols are usually classified as primary‚ secondary and tertiary. H R H OH H primary R R OH R R OH OH R secondary tertiary phenol Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly to an aromatic (benzene) ring are called phenols. Nomenclature of Alcohols (Normally any compound’s name which ends in –ol is an alcohol of some sort) IUPAC rules that:
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Submitted February 10‚ 2006 Abstract: The reaction being studied is a reduction of a ketone into an alcohol with a chiral center. Because a biological agent‚ bakers ’ yeast‚ is being used to drive this reaction‚ the optical purity that results in the product is so stereo-selective that the major product‚ (+)‚ is formed for 89% of the product. Introduction: This experiment was preformed to study the chiral selectivity of the reduction of the ketone portion of Ethyl acetate to a secondary alcohol. This
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aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acids and esters can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. It produces a large peak around 1700 cm-1. 3. Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Reduction‚ here‚ means addition of hydrogen. a) Reduction using NaBH4 A specific reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones is sodium borohydride‚ NaBH4. In equations the reducing agent is represented by [H]. Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols by NaBH4 e.g.
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conversion of sugars into their volatile derivatives. Conversion of sugars into alditol acetates and trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers have been the most widely used methods for GC analysis of sugars. "Alditol acetate" method involves reduction of sugars with sodium borohydride following conversion of polyols to polyacetate esters. TMS ethers of sugars can be prepared from a number of commercially available silylation reagents. Both derivatization methods have disadvantages. Preparation of TMS ethers
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produce the needed energy with little to no emissions (Wakefield 36). Working to develop a workable hydrogen fuel cell vehicle‚ Millennium Cell‚ a small start-up company in New Jersey‚ has come up with a system that creates energy by utilizing sodium borohydride (Borax)‚ a common ingredient in soap‚ as the fuel. When the fuel contacts a catalyst‚ the ensuing reaction creates hydrogen gas‚ this‚ combined with oxygen from the air‚ is the basic formula for driving their prototype fuel cells. Recent tests
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