THE INTRODUCTION TO SOAP MANUFACTURE BY W. H. SIMMONS‚ B.Sc. (Lond.)‚ F.C.S. AND H. A. APPLETON It has been said that the use of soap is a gauge of the civilisation of a nation‚ but though this may perhaps be in a great measure correct at the present day‚ the use of soap has not always been co-existent with civilisation‚ for according to Pliny (Nat. Hist.‚ xxviii.‚ 12‚ 51) soap was first introduced into Rome from Germany‚ having been discovered by the Gauls‚ who used the product obtained
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torch. The data we found was that it turned blue after a period of time. The reaction was CoN- OH. The second station was very interesting. The procedure was to place 3 small drops of cobalt nitrate into a test tube in the rack. Place 6 drops of sodium hydroxide in the second test tube. Pour test tube into test tube one. Record the results. Dump the contents of the first tube into the filter funnel that has already been set up for you. Rinse both tubes and return to the test tube holder. Leave all
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Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride Introduction: Using SN1 reaction mechanism with hydrochloric acid‚ t-Pentyl alcohol was converted to t-Pentyl chloride in an acid catalyzed reaction. The reaction took place in a separatory funnel designed to separate immiscible liquids. The crude product was extracted by transferring a solute from one solvent to another. The process of washing the solutions by phase transfer was used in order to remove impurities from the main solvent layer. Finally‚ the crude
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Safety measures in the chemistry laboratory The mentors are responsible for instructing the competitors as to the risks to which they are subjected when working in a chemistry laboratory‚ as well as to the basic safety measures‚ and first aid. Specific behavioral and safety measures must be obeyed to prevent accidents. Rules in the lab: * Use protective clothing all the time (e.g. lab coat and safety glasses) * Use a hair band to keep your hair away from your face. *
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Na2CO3. After figuring out how many g of Na2CO3 I needed the next step was to weigh out the 0.7g Na2CO3 and pour into a paper cup along with 25mL of distilled water and stir to form the solution sodium carbonate. After both solutions were made and in their separate containers the next step was to pour the sodium carbonate solution into the beaker of the calcium chloride solution and watch the calcium carbonate precipitate form. After the Calcium Carbonate Precipitate was formed the next step was
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Mr. Bunsen’s Rf calculations were the closest to the Rf calculations of the unknown. In our sodium hydroxide solution the compounds that were chromatographed were separated the furthest and produced Rf calculations for all of the suspects except Ms. Buchner. Changing the solvent allowed us to have a better resolution of the separated components. Acetic acid separation for the samples were very small sodium chloride solution was also similar to Acetic acid. Conclusion The unknown of NaCl and Acetic
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ingredients: Complex Sodium Phosphates and sodium carbonate‚ Nonionic surfactant and chlorine bleach‚ sodium silicate‚ sodium sulfate. (D) What do these ingredients do in the mixture? When tested as a whole can be considered an eye irritant. Complex Sodium Phosphates and sodium carbonate are used as a water softener. Nonionic surfactant and chlorine bleach is a cleaning and water spot preventive agent. Sodium silicate is a dishwasher and china protection agent. Sodium sulfate has multiple jobs
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Hydrochloric acid‚ HCl‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Nitric acid‚ HNO3‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Ammonia‚ NH3‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Sulfuric acid‚ H2SO4‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Acetic acid‚ CH3COOH‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Sodium chloride‚ NaCl‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium hydroxide‚ 6 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium sulfate‚ Na2SO4‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium nitrate‚ NaNO3‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Barium chloride‚ BaCl2‚ 0.1 M‚ 100 mL* Barium hydroxide‚ Ba(OH)2‚ 5 g* Potassium thiocynate‚ KSCN‚ 0.1 M‚ 100 mL* Potassium ferrocyanide
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In this lab experiment‚ we used sodium bicarbonate to influence photosynthesis. Sodium bicarbonate is a formula of NaHCO3 (baking soda). In this lab experiment‚ we observed photosynthesis in spinach leave and investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate on photosynthesis. The experiment was to determine how many disks of spinach leaves float at the end of every ten minutes. Our main focused and question was how using different amount of concentration of sodium bicarbonate would affect the process
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14. Stirring rod 15. Test tube rack 16. Graduated cylinders 17. Funnel‚ filter paper‚ and holder for funnel B. Procedure: 1. Equilibrium in a Saturated Solution You will investigate the equilibrium in saturated sodium chloride solution: NaCl(s) (( Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Pour some solid NaCL into a test tube and fill the tube about ¾ full of distilled water. Cork and shake to form a saturated solution. If all the NaCl dissolves‚ pour some additional
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