such as produced on evaporation‚ but rather in the form of ions‚ the basic elements and the acid radicals being separated‚ nevertheless it is customary and convenient to consider them as combined into the form of salts. Among these‚ common salt‚ or sodium chloride‚ makes up the bulk of the material‚ being nearly 78 percent of the total mass of salt‚ or over 27 mille (thousand) of the salinity (which is taken as 35 in round numbers). In the accompanying table the composition of sea water salts is given
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a) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the reaction b) Calculate the minimum quantity of magnesium required to ensure it is in excess. c) Calculate the temperature change if only 0.8 g of magnesium is added. 3. When 5.73 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in 100 cm3 of water‚ the temperature of the water fell from 22.4 oC to 19.8 oC. Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction. 4. When 2.3 g of magnesium chloride dissolves in 200 cm3 of water‚ the temperature rose by
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47-51 of Bio 203L Lab Manual. Results/ Discussion: The effect of the chloride ion on its rate of diffusion in agar means it will diffuse faster because it is more concentrated. We graphed the diffusion of chloride ions rather than sodium ions because while the sodium ions do diffuse in to the agar the chloride ions from the NaCl will combine with silver ions‚ from AgNO3 and create a white precipitate. The white precipitate allows us to measure the the white band through the agar at different points
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3.13 Test for Saponin glycosides 2g of dried plant powder add 5ml of distill water shake vigorously. Persistent of foam indicate the presence of saponin glycosides. 3.14 Test for Steroids (Salkowski’s test) 5ml of test solution add with 2ml of Chloroform and then Conc. H2SO4 sides of the test tubes. The appearance of color at the interface indicates the presence of steroids. 3.15 Experimental Procedure for preliminary Phytochemical studies (Brindha et al.‚ 1981) S. No Name of the Test
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max expansion‚ covers more surface area‚ lays flatter on surfaceWater: did not form even circle‚ reached max expansion very quickly‚ formed more of a bubble on surfaceBOTH: Clear and shiny | e) Making iodine in water: potassium iodide (KI)‚ and sodium hypochlorite (bleach‚ NaClO). | KI- ClearNaOCl- ClearWhen combined they solution immediately turned a bright yellow. |
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theoretical yield of the product if 1.20 moles of aluminium and 2.40 moles of iodine are used. (Ans: 489.218 g) (b) Calculate the percentage yield of the product if 450 g of AlI3 is obtained. (Ans: 91.98%) 4. A salt solution is produced when 2.9 g of sodium chloride‚ NaCl dissolved in 200 ml of water. Calculate the molality (m) of the NaCl solution‚ given that the density of water is 1.00 g ml⁻1. (Ans: 0.25 m) [Apr 2013] 1 5. Carbon and hydrogen atoms make up a compound which yields 0.345 g of carbon
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ion was dropped into the test solution containing the calcium ion‚ the calcium ion was no longer attracted to the water‚ but was instead attracted to the oxalate. This attraction resulted in a compound that is insoluble in water‚ a precipitate. The sodium and chloride ions are soluble in water‚ so they did not experience a change. In the Home 1 water sample‚ there were medium amounts of the calcium ion‚ medium to high amounts of the chloride ion‚ and a small amount of the sulfate ion. Comparatively
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Name ___________________________________________ Date ___________________________________ Block ____ Experiment 12A Investigating chemical equilibrium ABSTRACT 1. What is equilibrium and how can you tell it has been reached? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
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’wetter ’ so that it is less likely to stick to itself and more likely to interact with oil and grease. Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts‚ produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain‚ sometimes called its ’tail ’‚ with a carboxylate ’head ’. In water‚ the sodium or potassium ions float free‚ leaving a negatively-charged head. Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability to act
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conditions of bleach’s stored at different temperatures. Introduction: Chlorine bleaches are made by dissolving chlorine in sodium hydroxide solution. They have a number of uses as they are used to remove colors‚ whiten or disinfectant via oxidation. Many bleaches have strong bactericidal properties‚ and are used for disinfecting and sterilizing as they contain chlorate ions. Sodium Thiosulphate is used in the pH testing of bleach substances as it neutralizes the color-removing effect of the bleach and
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