from spinach using column chromatography. Spinach was dehydrated using ethanol‚ and the pigments were extracted with dichloromethane. The spinach extracts were dried using CaCl2. Then‚ the solid pigments were run through a column using a non-polar solvent‚ hexane. The polar absorbent material in the column separated the different pigments by allowing the least polar molecules to travel through the column faster than the more polar molecules. The different pigment layers were collected‚ dried‚ and their
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Experiment 1: Mixtures Aim: To develop an understanding of different types of mixtures including solutions and examine the different solubilities of some solutes and two solvents: water and ethanol Equipment Bunsen burner Tripod Gauze mat Beakers (2 x 100mL) Boiling chips Distilled water Sodium chloride Sodium chloride (solid) Glass rod Measuring cylinder (25mL) Ethanol Watch glass Thermometer 100% Orange Juice 100% Apple Juice 100% Prune Juice Solder Fruit Scone Charcoal Copper(II) Chloride Magnifying
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Answers to Questions 1. For solutes that are dissolved because of intermolecular attractions with the solvent‚ state the intermolecular attractions involved. Intermolecular Attractions F There are dipole-dipole attractions and hydrogen bonding between polar acetone and polar water. J There are dipole-dipole attractions and hydrogen bonding between ethanol and water. There are also dipole-dipole attractions between ethanol and diethyl ether. L There are hydrogen bonding‚ dipole-induced
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main ingredient in sea shells). The remaining 5% includes calcium phosphate and magnesium carbonate and soluble and insoluble proteins. Author: Fred Senese senese@antoine.frostburg.edu A paint thinner is a solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. Commercially‚ solvents labeled "Paint Thinner" are usually mineral spirits having a flash point at about 40 °C (104 °F)‚ the same as some popular brands of charcoal starter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_thinner Polystyrene (PS) /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ is
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compound. In this experimented benzoic acid was crystallize using ethanol and water. I chose these solvents based on part C of the experiment (table 1.1). The compound is too soluble in ethanol but too insoluble in water. Benzoic acid is a polar compound in comparison with ethanol which is a less polar compound. However at low temperatures benzoic acid is insoluble in water. Compounds are soluble in solvents with the same polarity‚ like dissolves like. Table 1.1 Benzoic Acid solubility Dissolve Heat
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N-(tert-butyl)carbamate (4a). Next‚ in order to improve the yield of 4a‚ the effects of different solvents‚ reaction temperatures and times together with the molar ratio of the reactants were examined in this model reaction‚ for which the reaction conditions would be optimized. When this reaction was performed in refluxing EtOH‚ 7a was obtained
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random packing or structured packing. CO2 containing gas flows upwards and the absorption liquid flows downwards. The solvent (rich amine) is pumped further through a heat exchanger to a separation column. The absorbed CO2 is regenerated in a separation (stripper) column. Heat is added to the reboiler and a condenser supplies reflux to the column. After the separator‚ the regenerated solvent (lean amine) is recirculated back to the absorption column and cooled in a heat exchanger and a cooler. The simplest
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m-aminobenzoic acid and the 1-chloro-2‚4-dinitrobenzene‚ were mixed together and were dissolved using dimethylformamide. The resultant solution was heated‚ mixed with deionized H2O and vacuum filtrated in order to separate our formed product form the solvent. This technique was further repeated after our product was washed with heated ethanol. The final product was m-(2‚4-dinitroanilino) benzoic acid. The reaction mechanism for the overall reaction in question is as follows: Results & Observations:
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Abstract: Caffeine‚ (C8 H10 N4 O2) a white‚ crystalline alkaloid known as a nervous system stimulant found commonly in tea leaves and coffee‚ can be extracted using the method of sublimation with the use of Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2) and Sodium Hydroxide; both can repeatedly rinse the green (unroasted) coffee beans from the caffeine. Keywords: Caffeine‚ Methylene Chloride‚ Sodium Hydroxide‚ Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate I. Introduction Caffeine is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family. Its chemical
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cohesive energy density 1.5 Literature review 2. Experimental method 2.1 Solubility of SN 1010 in various solvents 2.2 Calibration curve 2.3 Preparation of polymer/antioxidant mix for films 2.4 Soxhlet extraction 2.5 Broadband dielectric analysis of films 2.6 Broadband dielectric analysis of molten samples 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Solubility of SN 1010 in various solvents 3.2 Calibration curve 3.3 Soxhlet extraction 3.4 Broadband dielectric analysis of films 3.5 Broadband dielectric
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