Introduction to Spectroscopic Methods • Spectroscopy: general term for the science that deals with interaction of various types of radiation with matter 1.Atomic Spectroscopy 2.Molecular spectroscopy • Important to understand the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and the matter (mainly)‚ + interaction of a acoustic waves and beam of particles (ions‚ electrons) with matter. • Wave model failed to account for absorption and emission of EM energy – (sinosoidal wave model (λ
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spectrometry / infrared spectroscopy / nuclear magnetic resonance N.M.R.S Investigates the different chemical environment in which the nuclei of one particular element is situated N.m.r spectrum-it shows the salicylic acid contains – one proton in a COOH environment / one proton in a phenolic environment / 4 protons attached to a benzene ring – Limitation of this technique is that it can only consider one environment however. in this case there is 6 Mass spectroscopy From the other tech used
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ability to reach extremely high powers are all properties which allow for these specialized applications. Scientific In science‚ lasers are used in many ways‚ including: A wide variety of interferometric techniques Raman spectroscopy Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Atmospheric remote sensing Investigating nonlinear optics phenomena Holographic techniques employing lasers also contribute to a number of measurement techniques. Laser based LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) technology
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Hydrogel based controlled release formulations: Designing considerations‚ characterization techniques and applications. Abstract Hydrogels have evolved over the last decade as materials of choice in varied biomedical applications. This is associated with the inherent biocompatible nature of the hydrogels. The modulation of the properties of the hydrogels is easily possible due to the availability of polymers of varied chemistry and physical properties. This review discusses the pharmaceutical
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separate a mixture containing a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound. Once recovered‚ the solids were purified by recrystallization and examined by thin-layer chromatography‚ and their identities were derived by melting point and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Extraction is a procedure that selectively dissolves one or more of the mixture compounds into a proper solvent. Extraction refers to the moving of compounds from one liquid solvent to another liquid solvent. A compound can be disconnected
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Infrared Spectroscopy is used to identify molecules by giving structural information about a molecule. Based on the knowledge that CH bonds have an absorption rate of 3000+-100cm-1 and that C=O bonds (carbonyl groups) have a 1700+- 100cm-1 absorption rate. I was able to locate these types of bonds on the Infrared Spectroscopy reports done by Dr. Yamaguchi. I don’t have enough expertise on how to decipher the other
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flavor industries. The equilibrium of the reaction was changed by adding an excess amount of acetic acid. The reaction was refluxed and product was purified by extraction and distillation. Isopentyl acetate was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Reaction Scheme: Mechanism: Key features of the Fischer Esterification mechanism are: a. protonation of the carbonyl group‚ b. the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate‚ and c. regeneration of acid to show its role of catalyst
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The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol‚ using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed‚ and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification‚ whereby esters are produced by the esterification of a Carboxylic acid where it is heated with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid which acts as a catalyst. The ester produced had a banana flavor. The extraction of the
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extracted from cloves by using the method of steam distillation. The extracted compound will then be separated from the water using methyl chloride‚ which will then be evaporated using a rotary evaporator leaving only the essential oil‚ Eugenol. IR spectroscopy will be used to determine the structure of the extracted compound. Results and Discussion Four samples of Eugenol were combined to be analyzed for the final product. A lower percent recovery‚ as indicated by Table 1 could be due to the fact
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Abstract-Timur Solid phase extraction is a sample preparation technique that overperform liquid /liquid extraction in its efficiency‚ labor intensity and waste disposal. The purpose of this lab is to learn how SPE can be used to identify trace amounts of Vanillin. Stock solution of vanillin in water with concentration of 50 ppm was prepared. Four solutions with concentration of 5 ppm‚ 1 ppm‚ 0.5 ppm and 0.1 ppm were made from stock solution. UV-Vis spectra of standard solution was recorded at 229
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